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Castle Keep
The keep, located within a courtyard and surrounded by a curtain wall, was the heart of a medieval castle. The hall keep was a low building while the tower keep or donjon could have three or more floors and be topped by turrets and battlements...
Article
The Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys
The Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys is an ancient Egyptian text in which the two goddess-sisters call the soul of the god Osiris to rejoin the living. The poem takes the form of a call-and-response liturgy and the dual entreaties of the...
Interview
ArchaeoConcept Interview
ArchaeoConcept is an independent company based in Biel, Switzerland that finds solutions to problems encountered by archaeologists and heritage managers which cannot be answered from within existing structures. Through its integrative projects...
Article
Enuma Elish - The Babylonian Epic of Creation - Full Text
The Enuma Elish (also known as The Seven Tablets of Creation) is the Babylonian creation myth whose title is derived from the opening lines of the piece, "When on High". The myth tells the story of the great god Marduk's victory over the...
Article
Hymn to Inanna
The Hymn to Inanna (also known as The Great-Hearted Mistress) is a passionate devotional work by the poet and high priestess Enheduanna (l. 2285-2250 BCE), the first author in the world known by name. The poem is significant as one of the...
Definition
Medieval Castle
Medieval castles were built from the 11th century CE for rulers to demonstrate their wealth and power to the local populace, to provide a place of defence and safe retreat in the case of attack, defend strategically important sites like river...
Image
Hall Keep, Colchester Castle
The hall keep of Colchester Castle, Essex, England (c. 1074 CE). The sides of the keep measure 46 x 33.5 metres (151 x 110 ft).
Article
Olive Branch Petition
The Olive Branch Petition was a letter adopted by the Second Continental Congress on 5 July 1775 and sent to King George III of Great Britain (r. 1760-1820) in a final attempt at reconciliation in the early months of the American Revolutionary...
Article
The Debate Between Bird and Fish
The Debate Between Bird and Fish (c. 2000 BCE) is a Sumerian poem dated to the Ur III Period (2047-1750 BCE) when the genre of the literary debate was especially popular. The poem is the earliest extant on the theme of difficult neighbors...
Image
Dover Castle Keep
The donjon or keep of Dover Castle, Kent, England. The castle was first built by William the Conqueror in the 11th century CE and it was then extensively rebuilt with new walls and a keep added by Henry II (r. 1154-1189 CE).