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50 BCE
40 BCE
30 BCE
20 BCE
41 BCE - 31 BCE: Mark Antony of Rome allied with Cleopatra VII of Egypt.
31 BCE: Mark Antony and Cleopatra move to Greece, where they are isolated by Octavian's admiral Agrippa; although they are able to win a tactical victory and break out of their isolated position at Actium, the campaign is a distaster and Octavian is able to achieve control of the east.
31 BCE: The Battle of Actium. Octavian defeats Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII.
30 BCE: After Octavian has declined to negotiate, Cleopatra reportedly commits suicide; Mark Antony stabs himself, only later finding Cleopatra still lives, and dies.
30 BCE: Cleopatra kills herself rather than be taken to Rome by Octavian. Her son Caesarion is later executed and her children with Antony taken to Rome.
27 BCE: Octavian is given extraordinary powers and the name Augustus by the Roman Senate.
19 BCE: Augustus is given supreme powers by the Roman Senate.