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A History of the Ptolemaic Empire 1st Edition
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This compelling narrative provides the only comprehensive guide in English to the rise and decline of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt over three centuries - from the death of Alexander in 323 BC to the tragic deaths of Antony and Cleopatra in 30 BC.
The skilful integration of material from a vast array of sources allows the reader to trace the political and religious development of one of the most powerful empires of the ancient eastern Mediterranean. It shows how the success of the Ptolemies was due in part to their adoption of many features of the Egyptian Pharaohs who preceded them - their deification and funding of cults and temples throughout Egypt.
- ISBN-100415234891
- ISBN-13978-0415234894
- Edition1st
- Publication dateSeptember 28, 2000
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions6.14 x 0.94 x 9.21 inches
- Print length416 pages
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'Authoritative and meticulous historical account ... a fascinating introduction.' - Patricia Spencer, Egyptian Archaeology, 2001
'A fascinating introduction.' - Patricia Spencer, Egyptian Archaeology
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- Publisher : Routledge; 1st edition (September 28, 2000)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 416 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0415234891
- ISBN-13 : 978-0415234894
- Item Weight : 1.25 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.14 x 0.94 x 9.21 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #371,998 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #77 in Ancient History (Books)
- #274 in Ancient Egyptians History
- #10,820 in Unknown
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This 2001 book is a translation of the German original published in 1994. While there is a Bibliographical Supplement listing works published from 1990 to 1999, and the author claims to have revised the text, the study has not been fundamentally revised to incorporate scholarship after 1994.
This study has all of the precision and detail that is to be expected of German scholarship. The complexity of the period and the depth of Holbl's presentation make the text quite dense, requiring careful reading and rereading of sections. In addition, the citations in the chapters' end-notes provide excellent sources to follow up upon (although dated).
As he indicates in his foreword, Holbl seeks to set out a comprehensive history of the Ptolemaic empire that incorporates various types of evidence (texts, papyrus) and disciplines (Egyptology, Papyrology, Archaeology), and presents an overview of the entire period. As students well know, it is simply not possible to keep up with all of the specialized literature. Holbl has sampled various aspects of the specialized literature, and brings them together in a (primarily) historical study. After reading this text, a reader will have a sound understanding of the Ptolemaic empire, and many sources and directions to continue study. The other significant aspect of note is that while the book is organized chronologically, Holbl doesn't simply present a dry overview of historical events. He outlines the events and discusses their implications in a way that many historians neglect. In addition, a number of his chapters take on themes, such as "royal ideology and religious policy", rather than simple history.
Holbl's book is a great deal of work to read, but well worth the effort if one wishes to understand Ptolemaic Egypt thoroughly in preparation for continued study in the area. I picked up this book for pleasure reading, since I have a strong interest in Ptolemaic Egypt. However, it would be suitable, supplemented by more recent and specialized literature, for use in a postgraduate course on Ptolemaic Egypt.
For other authors to investigate, I recommend Lloyd Lewellyn-Jones and Andrew Erskine who both study the Hellenistic world. Lewellyn-Jones also has a particular interest in Ptolemaic Egypt, and teaches postgraduate courses in the area.
This is because Gunther Hölbl, despite the title he has given to his book (“A history of the Ptolemaic Empire”), has in fact written something else than a history of this Empire. There is such a narrative at the beginning of each of the books sections, and these bits and pièces generally follow a chronological order. However, the narrative of events if essentially there to provide background and context, often in a condensed form. It is also, at times, a bit difficult to read.
The real purpose of the author seems to have been to show how the Ptolemaic dynasty sought to pose itself as continuators and use and manipulate Egyptian religion to acquire legitimacy and appear as “the last of the Pharaohs” to their native Egyptian subjects and to quote the title of a more recent book on the Ptolemaic Kingdom. This is probably the most valuable part of the book, with the author showing that reign after reign, even as the Kingdom lost the external provinces that made it into a maritime Empire and came increasingly “under the shadow of Rome”, the sovereigns (and their ministers) struggled to behave according to (priestly) expectations.
One the manifestations of this were the vast religious building programs. Another was the establishment of cults for members of the royal family, with their own priests. A third was wealth distribution to the priestly casts with the aim being to behave, and be seen as behaving as traditional Pharaohs.
Another strongpoint of this book is to show how the royal and religious ideologies interplayed and evolved over time, together with the power plays between the Sovereign and his court, and the priests. The influence of the later grew as the Empire’s difficulties grew, as Egypt faced unrest and domestic resistance, and as the Kings themselves grew weaker. However, right up to the end, the various Royals sought to blend the Egyptian and Hellenistic religious cultures and use both to promote divine kingship and their right to rule.
One issue with this book is that, because of this fascinating yet narrow focus on the regime’s ideology, it is somewhat incomplete. The pieces on Ptolemaic foreign policy are very good, but there is very little on the administration of the economy and the royal finances and not much more on the army (or the navy), although these components were, of course, major elements of the Ptolemaic power.
Finally, there are also some bits and pieces that could have been worth further developments. One would have been a discussion and a clearer presentation of whether, and to what extent, this was really a policy of integration and about acquiring legitimacy from the native Egyptians or whether it was only about being accepted by the priestly elites and getting to accept the new regime because they had stakes in it, or any combination of the two. Another, related, issue, upon which the author touches at time but never discusses thoroughly because of the chronological presentation that he has adopted, is to assess whether these politico-religious strategies worked. To what extent did they deliver the benefits that the various sovereigns expected? What were these benefits and to what extent did they involve over time?
Three stars for a good but incomplete book.
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Utile. On aurait aimé plus de développements sur la politique étrangère mais ne boudons pas notre plaisir...
Since the book purports to be a thorough academic study it's manifestly not up to scratch. He also insists on using academic abbreviations for his sources but couldn't be bothered to provide a key. Not much of an issue, but some are so obscure it means hunting around to find out what he means. The other downer is that the book is over twenty years old and through no fault of its own is out of date. Studies of the Ptolemaic era have moved on apace since then.
The advice has to be: the book is indispensable, so use it, but with great care. You have been warned!!