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Distilling Knowledge: Alchemy, Chemistry, and the Scientific Revolution (New Histories of Science, Technology, and Medicine Book 10) Kindle Edition

4.9 4.9 out of 5 stars 15 ratings

Alchemy can't be science--common sense tells us as much. But perhaps common sense is not the best measure of what science is, or was. In this book, Bruce Moran looks past contemporary assumptions and prejudices to determine what alchemists were actually doing in the context of early modern science. Examining the ways alchemy and chemistry were studied and practiced between 1400 and 1700, he shows how these approaches influenced their respective practitioners' ideas about nature and shaped their inquiries into the workings of the natural world. His work sets up a dialogue between what historians have usually presented as separate spheres; here we see how alchemists and early chemists exchanged ideas and methods and in fact shared a territory between their two disciplines.

Distilling Knowledge suggests that scientific revolution may wear a different appearance in different cultural contexts. The metaphor of the Scientific Revolution, Moran argues, can be expanded to make sense of alchemy and other so-called pseudo-sciences--by including a new framework in which "process can count as an object, in which making leads to learning, and in which the messiness of conflict leads to discernment." Seen on its own terms, alchemy can stand within the bounds of demonstrative science.

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Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

The traditional grand narrative of the scientific revolution styles it as a decisive rejection of magic and mysticism in favor of rationality and empiricism. This engaging study of early modern science insists there was no such sharp break. Historian Moran traces the gradual evolution of alchemy to chemistry through a wide array of texts from the 15th through 18th centuries, including classical alchemical treatises, handbooks of practical alchemy, early chemistry textbooks and the writings of Newton and Boyle, both of whom considered alchemy a perfectly legitimate scientific discipline. He finds in alchemical thought intriguing precursors of modern ideas about the particulate nature of matter, the biochemical paradigm of life and disease, and Newtonian gravity. Moreover, he considers alchemy, which boasted a vast amount of lore on everything from metallurgy to medicine and was practiced not just by adepts but by doctors, artisans and housewives, to have been an important catalyst in the development of the scientific mindset; while alchemical theories may have been wrong, alchemical practice schooled society at large in everyday habits of observation and experimentation. Conveying a wealth of historical detail in an accessible, jargon-free style, Moran provides a fascinating corrective to simplistic notions of the origins of modern science. Photos.
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

From Booklist

Reacting to the perception that the break, early on in the scientific revolution, between alchemy and chemistry was clean and abrupt, Moran literately and engagingly recaps what was actually a slow process. Far from being the superstitious amalgam it is now considered, alchemy was genuine science before and during the scientific revolution. The distinctive alchemical procedure--distillation--became the fundamental method of analytical chemistry, and the alchemical goal of transmuting "base metals" into gold and silver led to the understanding of compounds and elements. What alchemy very gradually but finally lost in giving way to chemistry was its spiritual or religious aspect, the linkages it discerned between purely physical and psychological properties. Drawing saliently from the most influential alchemical and scientific texts of the medieval to modern epoch (especially the turbulent and eventful seventeenth century), Moran fashions a model short history of science volume. Ray Olson
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved

Product details

  • ASIN ‏ : ‎ B0957W7JP8
  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Harvard University Press (September 1, 2006)
  • Publication date ‏ : ‎ September 1, 2006
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • File size ‏ : ‎ 2706 KB
  • Text-to-Speech ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Screen Reader ‏ : ‎ Supported
  • Enhanced typesetting ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • X-Ray ‏ : ‎ Not Enabled
  • Word Wise ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Sticky notes ‏ : ‎ On Kindle Scribe
  • Print length ‏ : ‎ 221 pages
  • Page numbers source ISBN ‏ : ‎ 0674022491
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.9 4.9 out of 5 stars 15 ratings

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Bruce T. Moran
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Customer reviews

4.9 out of 5 stars
4.9 out of 5
15 global ratings

Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on November 29, 2012
Brilliant! I have read dozens of books on alchemy's history but Distilling Knowledge is by far the best. Moran has given the world a true gift. His book goes beyond delivering just history, he gives us the inside story of how the Scientific Revolution unfolded with alchemy being a key ingredient to this profound transition. This is a very human story that reveals how differently early scientists conceived and imagined their world, one that was far more visionary, colorful and soulful than our own. His writing is clear and his research, comprehensive. We learn about different types of alchemy, the interchangeability of alchemy and chemistry (at times), the contest between court and university alchemists, the arguments for and against alchemy, the contradictions of some who were for and against alchemy and perhaps most importantly, why and how alchemy was sacrificed so that chemistry could find its place in University medical school curricula. This is a must read for anyone interested in a full understanding of alchemy, its place in the history of science, its profound contribution and the role it continues to play in contemporary science. The recipe Solve et Coagula is no less important today than it was in the Middle Ages. Distilling Knowledge is a masterpiece! (Don't bother highlighting lines - the entire book bears special attention!) [...]
11 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on September 18, 2017
Just getting into this book, but finding it informative and written in a manner that holds my interest, not 'dry' as some resource books often are.
Reviewed in the United States on January 17, 2014
Disclaimer: the author was one of my college professors, and I took three of his classes (history of science, history of early modern Europe--that one with my husband, one of the two university classes we took together--and an independent study). He's a great lecturer with a dry sense of humor, but you will never take more difficult exams (for me, outside of the hard sciences) in undergrad.

Disclaimer to the disclaimer: I got As. There isn't another place on the internet I can brag about this, since it happened long ago, so...sorry. I got As!

This is a very rich, very interesting, and dense account of how we got from mystical alchemy to the beginning of "real" chemistry of the Scientific Revolution. Oddly, this is an area that is underrepresented in historical scholarship (I don't get it, because I think it's one of the most interesting aspects of intellectual/scientific history).

The transition from "pure" alchemy to "pure" chemistry is a lot like watching a child grow: there's vertical progress, but not without periodic regressions and quite a few tantrums. Then, suddenly, you're shipping your kid off to college and wondering "where did the girl who liked My Little Pony go?"

The book itself is a survey, and I'm guessing it was written with graduate students in mind. I'll punt to the professor:

"To include alchemy and chemistry as parts of the Scientific Revolution, it is not necessary to wait until Lavoisier made use of quantitative (gravimetric) techniques in the laboratory, acknowledged the conservation of weight...or explained combustion and calcination by means of oxygen....Cleaving matter from spirit may be a notable achievement from the point of view of contemporary experimental research; but to partition the two in the early modern era, so as to separate wholesome science from feeble metaphysics, is to make a serious mistake." (p. 184)

Also,

Chemistry "first became suitable to the university not by becoming anything new or unique but by adapting itself to the procedures of medieval alchemy and traditional (scholastic) natural philosophy." (p. 185)

That really is the book in a nutshell. I would give extra stars for the Lemery bit about ferrets if I could, because I don't often laugh out loud when I'm reading about the history of science.

I would have loved footnotes. Alas.
10 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on October 10, 2007
Bruce Moran is a heavy in the world of academic alchemical studies, and this book is exactly what the history of science needs--after having neglected the serious study of alchemy for too long for the wrong reasons. Of all his books, this is the best place to start for somebody with a general interest in the subject, or those who wish to better understand the true place of alchemy in the development of modern scientific method, as well as the history of chemistry. This book contains a powerful argument for the relevance of alchemy in the development of the modern conception of what scientific knowledge should be understood as consisting of, and should dispel for anyone with "eyes to see" the negative rumours about alchemy being foolish superstition. Alchemy was early modern matter theory, deeply concerned with many of the issues modern scientists can't fail to neglect. Now historians of science cannot neglect them either.
16 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on May 7, 2007
After reading several popular books on alchemy, it was a relief to find this scholarly, yet easy-to-read, history. Moran sets alchemy in context through time and shows how it fits into the scientific revolution. All the major alchemical heavies are there--including some fascinating material on Paracelsus. Also discusses such things as the evolution of the alchemy/chemistry teaching laboratory. Really a satisfying and fascinating read.
14 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

Ashbash
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on March 18, 2017
Bought for my son who has applied to study chemistry at university. He was very happy with it and said all would be chemists should read this. Highly recommended.

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