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Marilyn Monroe by Andy Warhol
Image by Galerie Estampe Moderne & Sportive, Paris

Marilyn Monroe by Andy Warhol

A 1964 portrait by Andy Warhol (1928-87) of the US actress and singer Marilyn Monroe (1926-62). The portrait was part of a series using variations of colour. Warhol, explaining the idea of creating variations, said: “The more you look at...
Supermarine Spitfire
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Supermarine Spitfire

The Supermarine Spitfire was a single-seater fighter plane, one of the most important aircraft of the Second World War (1939-45). Employed by the Royal Air Force in such crucial encounters as the Battle of Britain in the summer of 1940, the...
Junkers Ju 87
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Junkers Ju 87

The Junkers Ju 87 'Stuka' was a two-seater dive-bomber plane used by the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) in various theatres of the Second World War (1939-45). The Stuka, with its distinctive angled wings, excelled when combined with armoured...
Hawker Hurricane
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Hawker Hurricane

The Hawker Hurricane was a single-seat fighter plane, Britain's first monoplane, which fought in the Battle of Britain in the summer of 1940. Slower but more numerous than the Supermarine Spitfire, the Hurricane was used by the Royal Air...
Rashidun Caliphate
Definition by Syed Muhammad Khan

Rashidun Caliphate

The first four caliphs of the Islamic empire – Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali are referred to as Rashidun (rightly guided) Caliphs (632-661 CE) by mainstream Sunni Muslims. Their tenure started with the death of Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE...
Umar
Definition by Syed Muhammad Khan

Umar

Umar ibn al-Khattab (r. 634-644 CE) was the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE, as the first four caliphs are referred to by the Sunni Muslims). He was an early convert of Islam and one of the close companions of the Islamic...
Poverty Point
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Poverty Point

Poverty Point is an archaeological and historic site in Louisiana, USA, dated to c. 1700-1100 BCE, enclosing one of the most significant Native American mound sites from Pre-Colonial America. It was once the location of a grand complex of...
Battle of Karbala
Article by Syed Muhammad Khan

Battle of Karbala

The Battle of Karbala (10 October 680 CE) was a small-scaled military engagement, fought near the river Euphrates, in modern-day Iraq, which saw the massacre of heavily outnumbered Alid troops under the command of Husayn ibn Ali (l. 626-680...
North American Bald Eagle
Image by Andy Morffew

North American Bald Eagle

North American bald eagle. Photograph taken in Kachemak Bay, Alaska by Andy Morffew, 2016.
Poor Richard's Almanack
Image by Benjamin Franklin

Poor Richard's Almanack

Poor Richard, 1739. An Almanack for the Year of Christ 1739, written by Benjamin Franklin under the pseudonym Richard Saunders, 1739. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
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