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Philip the Arab
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Philip the Arab

Philip the Arab ruled as emperor of the Roman Empire briefly from 244 CE to 249 CE. In 244 CE Roman emperor Gordian III responded to an uprising in the eastern provinces instigated by the Persian king Shapur. Under the superb leadership of...
Kahina
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Kahina

Kahina (7th century CE) was a Berber (Imazighen) warrior-queen and seer who led her people against the Arab Invasion of North Africa in the 7th century CE. She is also known as al-Kahina, Dihya al-Kahina, Dahlia, Daya, and Dahia-al-Kahina...
Arab Room Tiles, Sintra Palace
Image by Alvesgaspar

Arab Room Tiles, Sintra Palace

Islamic ceramic tiles in the Arab Room in the Sintra palace (Palácio Nacional de Sintra), Portugal. King Manuel I of Portugal (r.1495-1521 CE) imported azulejos (glazed ceramic tiles) from the Alhambra palace in Granada, Spain to decorate...
Roman Coin of Philip the Arab
Image by Christopher Willis

Roman Coin of Philip the Arab

A Roman Antoninianus coin from the reign of Marcus Julius Philipus, otherwise known as Philip the Arab, r. 244-249 CE.
Votive Head Mace of La-arab, King of Gutium
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Votive Head Mace of La-arab, King of Gutium

This partially mutilated head mace was inscribed with an Akkadian cuneiform script, which mentions that this stone head mace is a votive offering dedicated by La-arab, king of Gutium. Although they left little evidence of their rule, it appears...
Roman Emperor Philip the Arab
Image by Carole Raddato

Roman Emperor Philip the Arab

Marble head of Roman Emperor Philip the Arab, from Rome, 244-249 CE. (Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen)
Philip the Arab (Artistic Facial Reconstruction)
Image by Daniel Voshart

Philip the Arab (Artistic Facial Reconstruction)

A photorealistic representation of what the Roman emperor Philip the Arab (r. 244-249 CE) may have looked like. Based on contemporary and near contemporary descriptions, as well as archaeological evidence. Pictured alongside the reconstruction...
Review of Arab Prisoners, Assyrian Relief
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Review of Arab Prisoners, Assyrian Relief

Assyrian relief, from the Central Palace at Nimrud (ancient Kalhu), Mesopotamia, Iraq, Neo-Assyrian Empire, c. 728 BCE. This is part of a series of reliefs showing Arab prisoners brought before the Assyrian King Tiglath-Pileser III (r. 744-727...
Captured Camels from Arab Enemies of Tiglath-pileser III
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Captured Camels from Arab Enemies of Tiglath-pileser III

The woman on the left and the herd of camels behind her are part of a procession of prisoners and booty captured during one of the military campaigns of Tiglath-pileser III (reigned 744-727 BCE) against Arab enemies. Assyrian, about 728 BCE...
Captured Flocks from Arab Enemies of Tiglath-pileser III
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Captured Flocks from Arab Enemies of Tiglath-pileser III

Sheep and goats, captured in a campaign against the Arabs are driven back to the Assyrian camp. This scene decorated the palace of King Tiglath-pileser III (reigned 744-727 BCE. Assyrian, about 728 BCE. From the Central Palace at Nimrud (ancient...
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