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Sand Creek Massacre
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Sand Creek Massacre

The Sand Creek Massacre (29 November 1864) was a slaughter of citizens of the Arapaho and Cheyenne nations at the hands of the Third Colorado Cavalry of US Volunteers under the command of Colonel John Chivington, resulting in casualties estimated...
Early Media Coverage of the Sand Creek Massacre and Continuing Controversy
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Early Media Coverage of the Sand Creek Massacre and Continuing Controversy

The earliest reports on the Sand Creek Massacre (29 November 1864) characterized it as a great battle in which the Third Colorado Cavalry under Colonel John Chivington defeated a large force of armed Cheyenne and Arapaho warriors. By the...
The Legendary Settlement of Iceland
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Legendary Settlement of Iceland

It is said that the early Norse settlers of Iceland in the Viking Age (c. 790-1100 CE) believed it was the home of the gods because of the tale of the creation of the world in Norse religion. In the time before time, the story goes, there...
Childhood in the Viking Age
Article by Irina-Maria Manea

Childhood in the Viking Age

Childhood in the Viking Age (c. 750-1100) was largely undocumented as historical records primarily focus on adults, particularly men. Likewise, little is known about children's presence in the afterlife, as no runestones were raised in their...
Kabbalah
Definition by Benjamin Kerstein

Kabbalah

The term Kabbalah refers specifically to the form of Jewish mysticism that became widespread in the Middle Ages. However, in recent decades it has essentially become a generic term for the entirety of Jewish mystical thought. Literally meaning...
Medieval Icelandic Government
Definition by Irina-Maria Manea

Medieval Icelandic Government

Early medieval Icelandic government, or Viking Iceland, has been termed an incipient form of democracy or democratic parliamentarism, however, the system was actually nothing like its European counterparts, be they medieval or contemporary...
Christianization of Iceland
Article by Irina-Maria Manea

Christianization of Iceland

The Christianization of Iceland was a smooth transition compared to other Scandinavian countries. While in Norway, Denmark, or Sweden, royal authority played a crucial role in conversion, in Iceland, it was a parliamentary decision, reached...
Noah - Official Trailer (2014)
Video by FilmTrailerStation

Noah - Official Trailer (2014)

Noah Official Trailer (2014) Release Date: March 28, 2014 Genre: Drama Director: Darren Aronofsky Writer: Darren Aronofsky, Ari Handel, John Logan, Martin Csokas Starring: Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly, Saoirse Ronan, Douglas...
The Negative Confession
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

The Negative Confession

The Negative Confession (also known as The Declaration of Innocence) is a list of 42 sins which the soul of the deceased can honestly say it has never committed when it stands in judgment in the afterlife. The soul would recite these in the...
First Fitna
Definition by Syed Muhammad Khan

First Fitna

The First Fitna (656-661 CE) was the first civil war of the Islamic Empire fought between the fourth Rashidun Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib (656-661 CE), and the governor of Syria, Muawiya (later Muawiya I; r. 661-680 CE). Deep fissures divided...
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