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The Mesopotamian Pantheon
The gods of the Mesopotamian region were not uniform in name, power, provenance or status in the hierarchy. Mesopotamian culture varied from region to region and, because of this, Marduk should not be regarded as King of the Gods in the same...

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Bombardment of the Merville Battery
A photograph showing the crater damage inflicted by RAF Lancaster bombers on the German Merville battery on the Orne estuary. The four guns of Merville (believed bigger than they actually were by the Allies) threatened Sword Beach of the...

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Ashurbanipal's Collection of Sumerian and Babylonian Proverbs
Ashurbanipal's collection of Sumerian and Babylonian proverbs formed part of the famous Library of Ashurbanipal (7th century BCE) established at Nineveh for the express purpose of preserving the knowledge of the past for future generations...

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Half Moon Battery, Edinburgh Castle
The Half Moon Battery of Edinburgh Castle, Scotland. 16-17th century.

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Enuma Elish - The Babylonian Epic of Creation - Full Text
The Enuma Elish (also known as The Seven Tablets of Creation) is the Babylonian creation myth whose title is derived from the opening lines of the piece, "When on High". The myth tells the story of the great god Marduk's victory over the...

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New Gilgamesh Fragment: Enkidu's Sexual Exploits Doubled
Sometimes it is the smallest discoveries that have the largest impact. When Alexandra Kleinerman and Alhena Gadotti found a new fragment of the Epic of Gilgamesh in 2015 CE, it did not seem to be particularly impressive. The broken tablet...

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Siege of Fort Erie
The Siege of Fort Erie (4 August to 21 September 1814) was one of the last major military operations of the War of 1812. Following the bloody Battle of Lundy's Lane, a US army retreated into Fort Erie, where it was soon besieged by a British...

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Plan of Edinburgh Castle
A plan of the buildings and layout of Edinburgh Castle, Scotland. Although occupied since the Bronze Age and site of a medieval castle from the 11th century, most of the structures today date from around 1500 with additions and modifications...

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Babylonian Marriage Market
Babylonian Marriage Market by Edwin Long, 1875 CE, Royal Holloway College, London.

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Terracotta Cylinder of the Babylonian King Nabopolassar
This document records the king’s reconstructive work on the wall of the city of Babylon. From Babylon (modern Babel governorate), neo-Babylonian era, 625-605 BCE, Mesopotamia, Iraq. (The British Museum, London).