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Definition
Motte and Bailey Castle
The motte and bailey castle was an early form of medieval fortification especially popular with the Normans in northern France and Britain during the 11th century CE. A single tower was built on (or partially within) the motte or earth mound...

Definition
Matilda of Tuscany
Matilda of Canossa (c. 1046-1115), the Countess of Tuscany (r. 1055-1115) and Vice-Queen of Italy (r. 1111-1115), was the final head of the noble House of Canossa following the deaths of her father in 1052 and her elder brother in 1055. One...

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Beatrice, Mother of Matilda of Tuscany
Beatrice, mother of Matilda of Tuscany (c. 1046-1115) as depicted in the Vita Mathildis by Donizo, 1115.
Ms. Vat. lat. 4922, fol. 30.
Vatican Library.

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Motte and Bailey Castle Diagram
A diagram of the motte-and-bailey castle of Huntingdon Hill, England. 11th century CE. Huntingdon was an urban centre with a mint, a market and several churches. The castle's construction was initiated by William the Conqueror in 1068 to...

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Motte and Bailey Castle, Bayeux Tapestry
A detail from the Bayeux tapestry showing the motte and bailey structure of Dinan during the 11th century Norman conquest of Britain. The wooden palisade sits atop the motte or mound. (Centre Guillaume le Conquérant, Bayeux, France)

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Amy Bailey as Kwenthryth
Amy Bailey as Kwenthryth in the TV series Vikings.
Photo by HISTORY - © 2013 The HISTORY Channel

Definition
Medieval Castle
Medieval castles were built from the 11th century CE for rulers to demonstrate their wealth and power to the local populace, to provide a place of defence and safe retreat in the case of attack, defend strategically important sites like river...

Definition
Castle Keep - The Safest Place in a Medieval Castle
The keep, located within a courtyard and surrounded by a curtain wall, was the heart of a medieval castle. The hall keep was a low building while the tower keep or donjon could have three or more floors and be topped by turrets and battlements...

Article
The Impact of the Norman Conquest of England
The Norman conquest of England, led by William the Conqueror (r. 1066-1087 CE) was achieved over a five-year period from 1066 CE to 1071 CE. Hard-fought battles, castle building, land redistribution, and scorched earth tactics ensured that...

Definition
Caernarfon Castle
Caernarfon Castle (aka Caernarvon) is located in North Wales and was first built from 1283 CE by Edward I of England (r. 1272-1307 CE) to help, along with several other major castles, control the newly conquered area. As the administrative...