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Index of Prohibited Books
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Index of Prohibited Books

The Index of Prohibited Books (Index Librorum Prohibitorum) was a list of written works condemned as heretical or injurious to the Christian faith by the Catholic Church at the Council of Trent in 1563. It remained in effect until 1966 when...
Index of Prohibited Books
Image by Drw1

Index of Prohibited Books

Title page of the Index of Prohibited Books (Index Librorum Prohibitorum), published in Rome, 1711. National Library of Slovenia, Ljubljana.
Jacob Wright: The Oldest Reference to Israel
Video by Emory University

Jacob Wright: The Oldest Reference to Israel

In 1896 Flinders Petrie discovered what is for many the most important achievement of his long and celebrated career as an archeologist. It is a large granite stela, over ten feet high, dating to 1208 BCE. This stone bears an account of how...
Council of Trent
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Council of Trent

The Council of Trent (1545-1563) was a meeting of Catholic clerics convened by Pope Paul III (served 1534-1549) in response to the Protestant Reformation. In three separate sessions, the council reaffirmed the authority of the Catholic Church...
Medieval Folklore
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Medieval Folklore

Medieval folklore is a body of work, originally transmitted orally, which was composed between the 5th and 15th centuries in Europe. Although folktales are a common attribute of every civilization, and such stories were being told by cultures...
The Printing Press & the Protestant Reformation
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Printing Press & the Protestant Reformation

The printing press, credited to the German inventor and printer Johannes Gutenberg (l. c. 1398-1468) in the 1450s, became the single most important factor in the success of the Protestant Reformation by providing the means for widespread...
Underground Rome
Article by Irene Fanizza

Underground Rome

Underground archaeology is a niche topic and is highly specialized. We're talking about simple structures underground, such as those of Roman North Africa (able to withstand the heat), or we can get as extreme, in a mostly urban context...
Group of Warriors from Bornu
Image by Elisee Reclus

Group of Warriors from Bornu

Drawing of a group of warriors from the Bornu Empire. Drawing taken from "The earth and its inhabitants, Vol. III, West Africa" by Elisee Reclus (1830 -1905 CE) 1892 CE. From the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell...
Samguk Sagi
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Samguk Sagi

The Samguk sagi ('History of the Three Kingdoms' or 'Historical Records of the Three States') is a 12th-century CE text written by Gim Busik which is considered the first history of Korea. The text covers the history of Silla, Baekje (Paekche...
Boxing in the Roman Empire
Article by Matthew Vivonia

Boxing in the Roman Empire

Boxing is one of the oldest sports in the world that is still practiced today. Included in the original athletic contests of the Olympic Games, pugilism or boxing was well known and loved by the ancient Greeks and Romans. The style used in...
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