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Philip the Arab
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Philip the Arab

Philip the Arab ruled as emperor of the Roman Empire briefly from 244 CE to 249 CE. In 244 CE Roman emperor Gordian III responded to an uprising in the eastern provinces instigated by the Persian king Shapur. Under the superb leadership of...
Byzantine Empire
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire existed from 330 to 1453. It is often called the Eastern Roman Empire or simply Byzantium. The Byzantine capital was founded at Constantinople by Constantine I (r. 306-337). The Byzantine Empire varied in size over the...
Siege of Constantinople 717-718 CE - Arab-Byzantine Wars
Video by Kings and Generals

Siege of Constantinople 717-718 CE - Arab-Byzantine Wars

The forces of the Rashidun Caliphate achieved a decisive victory against the Byzantines at Yarmouk in 636. This allowed the Muslims to take over Syria and Egypt. But the Eastern Roman Empire was still strong and continued its resistance...
Siege of Damascus 634 - Arab - Byzantine Wars DOCUMENTARY
Video by Kings and Generals

Siege of Damascus 634 - Arab - Byzantine Wars DOCUMENTARY

Previously in our animated documentary series on the early Muslim expansion, we have covered the battles of Yarmouk (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Ct4OSmdZ3M), al-Qadisiyyah (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01z7hTGDNco), Talas (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VH9UhfRKAOc...
Kahina
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Kahina

Kahina (7th century CE) was a Berber (Imazighen) warrior-queen and seer who led her people against the Arab Invasion of North Africa in the 7th century CE. She is also known as al-Kahina, Dihya al-Kahina, Dahlia, Daya, and Dahia-al-Kahina...
Byzantine Architecture
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Byzantine Architecture

The architecture of the Byzantine Empire (4th - 15th century CE) continued its early Roman traditions but architects also added new structures to their already formidable repertoire, notably improved fortification walls and domed churches...
Byzantine Art
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Byzantine Art

Byzantine art (4th - 15th century CE) is generally characterised by a move away from the naturalism of the Classical tradition towards the more abstract and universal, there is a definite preference for two-dimensional representations, and...
Byzantine Coinage
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Byzantine Coinage

The coinage of the Byzantine Empire continued that of its more ancient predecessors and functioned as a convenient method of payment for goods and services, especially to soldiers and officials, and as a means for people to pay their taxes...
Byzantine-Armenian Relations
Article by Mark Cartwright

Byzantine-Armenian Relations

The relationship between the Byzantine Empire and ancient Armenia was a constant and varied one with an equal mix of wars, occupations, treaties of friendship, mutual military aid, and cultural exchange. Regarded as a vital defence to the...
Arab Room Tiles, Sintra Palace
Image by Alvesgaspar

Arab Room Tiles, Sintra Palace

Islamic ceramic tiles in the Arab Room in the Sintra palace (Palácio Nacional de Sintra), Portugal. King Manuel I of Portugal (r.1495-1521 CE) imported azulejos (glazed ceramic tiles) from the Alhambra palace in Granada, Spain to decorate...
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