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Han Dynasty
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Han Dynasty

The Han Dynasty (202 BCE - 220 CE) was the second dynasty of Imperial China (the era of centralized, dynastic government, 221 BCE - 1912 CE) which established the paradigm for all succeeding dynasties up through 1912 CE. It succeeded the...
Battle of Gaixia
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Battle of Gaixia

The Battle of Gaixia (202 BCE, also known as Kai-Hsia) was the decisive engagement of the Chu-Han Contention (206-202 BCE) at which Liu Bang (l. c. 256-195 BCE), from the State of Han, defeated Xiang Yu (l. 232-202 BCE) of the State of Chu...
Ancient China
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ancient China

Ancient China produced what has become the oldest extant culture in the world. The name 'China' comes from the Sanskrit Cina (derived from the name of the Chinese Qin Dynasty, pronounced 'Chin') which was translated as 'Cin' by the Persians...
Achievements of the Han Dynasty
Article by Mark Cartwright

Achievements of the Han Dynasty

The achievements of the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE), often regarded by scholars and the ancient Chinese themselves as the golden era of Chinese culture, would have lasting effects on all who followed, particularly in the areas of government...
The Art of the Han Dynasty
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Art of the Han Dynasty

The art of the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE) of ancient China is characterised by a new desire to represent everyday life and the stories from history and mythology familiar to all. The arts were fuelled both by a political stability with...
Lady Dai, Xin Zhui
Image by Gary Todd

Lady Dai, Xin Zhui

The body of Xin Zhui (c. 217 BCE to 168/169 BCE), aka Lady Dai, was extremely well preserved in her tomb. She was buried in four coffins in an underground burial chamber, where the conditions were ideal to prevent decomposition. The tomb...
Battle of Red Cliffs
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Battle of Red Cliffs

The Battle of Red Cliffs (also known as the Battle of Chibi, 208 CE) was the pivotal engagement between the forces of Northern China led by the warlord Cao Cao (l. 155-220 CE) and the allied defenders of the south under the command of Liu...
The Mandate of Heaven and The Yellow Turban Rebellion
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Mandate of Heaven and The Yellow Turban Rebellion

Throughout history, in order for a government to be respected and obeyed, it must possess some form of legitimacy recognized by the governed. Governmental systems have relied on a number of models for legitimacy, among them the dynastic form...
Chu-Han Contention Map
Image by SY

Chu-Han Contention Map

Map showing an attempted reconstruction of the movements of the troops of the Chinese Han and Chu dynasties during the Chu-Han Contention (206-202 BCE), in which Liu Bang of Han and Xiang Yu of Chu repeatedly battled each other. The conflict...
Legalism
Definition by Emily Mark

Legalism

Legalism in ancient China was a philosophical belief that human beings are more inclined to do wrong than right because they are motivated entirely by self-interest and require strict laws to control their impulses. It was developed by the...
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