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Definition
Jeremy Bentham
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) was an English philosopher and liberal social reformer best known as the founder of utilitarianism based on the greatest happiness principle, that is, rationally judging the success of a law by considering how many...

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Jeremy Bentham Embalmed
The embalmed body of the English philosopher and founder of Utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832).
University College, London.

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Portrait of Jeremy Bentham
An illustrated portrait by H.W. Pickersgill of the English philosopher and founder of Utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). (Wellcome Image Gallery)

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Jeremy Bentham Medal
A bronze medal designed by Pierre Jean David d'Angers showing the profile of the English philosopher and founder of Utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)

Definition
John Stuart Mill
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) was a highly influential English philosopher of the Victorian Era. His writings were influenced by the Enlightenment thinkers and German Romanticism. Besides philosophical works, he wrote on mathematics, language...

Definition
Michel Foucault
Michel Foucault (1926-1984) was a post-modernist French philosopher and is considered one of the most influential philosophers of modern times. Aside from his critiques of social institutions, his influence can be seen in both the humanities...

Definition
Assur
Assur (also Ashur, Anshar) is the god of the Assyrians who was elevated from a local deity of the city of Ashur to the supreme god of the Assyrian pantheon. His attributes were drawn from earlier Sumerian and Babylonian deities and so he...

Book Review
Thucydides: The War of the Peloponnesians and the Athenians
Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War is a timeless masterpiece of ancient historiography, offering a detailed and profoundly insightful account of one of antiquity's defining conflicts. Written with a precision and analytical depth...

Article
Hymn to Nisaba
The Hymn to Nisaba (c. 3rd millennium BCE) is a poem praising Nisaba, the Sumerian goddess of writing and accounts who also served as scribe of the gods. The poem is officially dedicated to Enki, the god of wisdom (sometimes given as her...

Article
Sargon and Ur-Zababa
Sargon and Ur-Zababa is a Sumerian poem, date of composition unknown, relating the rise to power of Sargon of Akkad (r. 2334-2279 BCE), founder of the Akkadian Empire. The work is classified as a Mesopotamian folktale, relying on motifs such...