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Discovery of X-Rays
The discovery of X-rays – a form of invisible radiation that can pass through objects, including human tissue – revolutionised science and medicine in the late 19th century. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845-1923), a German scientist, discovered...

Definition
Gospel of John
In the canon of the New Testament, the fourth gospel of John is uniquely different from the other three, known as the Synoptics ("seen together"). Mark, Matthew, and Luke have parallel ministries and methods of relating the story of Jesus...

Definition
John the Baptist
John the Baptist (d. c. 30 CE) was a 1st-century CE itinerant preacher in Judea. We do not know his full name, but he is recognized by his activity. 'Baptizer' (Greek: baptizo) was translated directly into English and meant 'to immerse' or...

Definition
John I Tzimiskes
John I Tzimiskes was Byzantine emperor from 969 to 976 CE. Although he took the throne by murdering his predecessor Nikephoros II Phokas, John was a popular emperor. A skilled general and a competent politician, he is known for expanding...

Image
Early X-ray
X-rays were discovered in 1895 by German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845-1923). This is an early X-ray, taken in 1897, of a 30-year-old woman who was fully dressed when the X-ray was taken. Image from p.180 of The American X-ray Journal...

Interview
Interview: The First Black Archaeologist: A Life of John Wesley Gilbert by John Lee
John Lee joins World History Encyclopedia to tell us all about his new book, The First Black Archaeologist: A Life of John Wesley Gilbert. Kelly (WHE): Thank you so much for joining me! Let us start by talking about what the book is about...

Definition
King John of England - England's Most Unpopular King?
King John of England (aka John Lackland) ruled from 1199 to 1216 CE and he has gone down in history as one of the very worst of English kings, both for his character and his failures. He lost the Angevin-Plantagenet lands in France and so...

Image
An X-Ray with an Early Crookes Tube Apparatus
Two men taking an X-ray with an early Crookes tube apparatus from the late 1800s. Illustration from The X-ray, or Photography of the Invisible and its Value in Surgery by William J. Morton and Edwin W. Hammer. American Technical Book Company...

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First Medical X-Ray
The bones of a hand with a ring on one finger, viewed through x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph by W. K. Röntgen, 1895.
Wellcome Collection.

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Ray Stevenson as Blackbeard
Ray Stevenson as the English pirate Blackbeard, aka Edward Teach (d. 1718) in the TV series Black Sails.
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