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Definition
Xenophon
Xenophon of Athens (l. 430 to c. 354 BCE) was a contemporary of Plato and a fellow student of Socrates. He is best known for his Anabasis (The March Up Country) detailing the retreat of the Ten Thousand Greek mercenaries after the defeat...

Article
Xenophon's Defense of Socrates
Xenophon's Defense of Socrates (c. 371 BCE) is a passage from the Memorabilia of Xenophon (l. 430 to c. 354 BCE) in which he addresses the teachings and actions of Socrates of Athens and denounces the charges against him as unjust and unfounded...

Article
Ancient Geography of India
The first text in Greek devoted entirely to India was written by Ctesias in the fourth century BCE. Only fragments of it survive. Yet he was probably the most widely quoted author on India, although Aristotle treated him with contempt. However...

Lesson Pack
Geography, Economy, & Trade in Ancient Egypt
We have prepared three lesson plans including classroom activities, assignments, homework, and keys as well as: Multiple choice quiz questions in an excel format. Glossary of keywords and concepts in an excel format. Open questions...

Worksheet/Activity
Importance of Geography in Medieval Japan
This activity has been designed to fit a 30-minute slot for your class and is suitable for both online and classroom teaching, as well as homeschooling. Students have to complete a map of medieval Japan and answer some questions about Japan's...

Lesson Pack
Mesopotamia: Geography, Economy & Trade
This lesson pack on geography, economy and trade in ancient Mesopotamia includes the following content: Lesson Plans Mesopotamia's Geography Resources & Trade Additional Materials Open Questions / Essay Questions Quiz Questions...

Collection
Ancient China: Geography, Economy & Trade
Ancient China was often connected to the rest of the world through trade, not only along the famous Silk Road but also via merchant ships that sailed the Indian Ocean, connecting East Asia to the Middle East, Europe, and Africa. Silk, paper...

Image
Statue of Xenophon, Vienna
A modern statue of the Athenian general Xenophon (430-354 BCE). Vienna, Austria.

Image
Bust of Xenophon
Marble bust of Xenophon of Athens (l. 430 to c. 354 BCE), dated to 332-31 BCE. Xenophon was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian. He was one of Socrates' students and participated in the Persian wars. In his famous book Anabasis...

Image
Xenophon of Athens
Statue of Xenophon, Athenian mercenary General and writer