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Iranian Revolution
Definition by Scarlett Hart

Iranian Revolution

The Iranian Revolution (1978-1979) was the social movement that arose from widespread and diverse discontent with the monarchic government of Iran. The revolution was fought against the regime of Mohammad Reza Shah (r. 1941-1979), and it...
Tughlaq Dynasty
Definition by Patit Paban Mishra

Tughlaq Dynasty

The Tughlaq dynasty (also spelt Tughluq), ruled the Delhi sultanate from 1320 to 1413. Followed by the Khalji dynasty and preceded by the Sayyids, the Tughlaq dynasty formed an important period in the history and culture of the Sultanate...
Royal Women in the Mughal Empire
Article by Patit Paban Mishra

Royal Women in the Mughal Empire

It was not only the Mughal emperors that left an indelible mark in the history of the Indian subcontinent but also the queens and princesses. The latter's contributions to art, architecture, literature, cuisine, refinement, and administrative...
Mandu - City of Joy
Article by Aadil Khan

Mandu - City of Joy

The city of Mandu is situated about 35 km from Dhar in the Madhya Pradesh region of northern-central India. Most of the city's monuments date to the 15th and 16th century CE. The city is located on a hill which rises 633 m above the sea level...
Bahadur Shah Zafar II
Image by Unknown Artist

Bahadur Shah Zafar II

Bahadur Shah Zafar (1775-1862) was the twentieth Mughal Emperor of Hindustan. The Mughal Empire ended with him during the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. Zafar was a celebrated poet and Sufi mystic who was exiled to Rangoon by the British East India...
First Anglo-Afghan War
Definition by Mark Cartwright

First Anglo-Afghan War

The First Anglo-Afghan War (1838-42) was fought between the British East India Company (EIC) and, the Emirate of Afghanistan, the ultimate victor. The British were keen to control Afghanistan as they feared Russian expansion into South Asia...
Shah Ismail I
Image by Dr Mahir Khalifa-Zadeh

Shah Ismail I

Shah Ismail I (r. 1501-1524), founder of the Safavid Dynasty of Iran, portrait by Cristofano dell'Altissimo. Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
Robert Clive & Shah Alam
Image by Benjamin West

Robert Clive & Shah Alam

An 1818 painting by Benjamin West showing Robert Clive (1725-1774), Governor General of Bengal and representative of the East India Company, meeting the Mughal emperor Shah Alam in 1765 to gain tax collecting rights. (British Library, London...
Reza Shah in Persepolis
Image by Unknown Photographer

Reza Shah in Persepolis

Reza Shah Pahlavi (r. 1925-1941) and his son and successor Mohammad Reza (r. 1941-1979) in Persepolis, c. 1939.
Coronation of Malik-Shah I
Image by Rashid al-Din Hamadani

Coronation of Malik-Shah I

Coronation of Malik-Shah I (1055-1092 CE), sultan of the Seljuk Empire. This miniature is from the Jami' al-Tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles), a world history book by Rashid al-Din, completed in Tabriz circa 1307 CE. Edinburgh University...
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