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Article
The Foundation of the Royal Society
The Royal Society was founded in 1662 to promote scientific research and increase our knowledge of the natural world. With royal patronage and a stellar membership of great minds, the society quickly gained international recognition for its...

Article
Lost Civilisations of Anatolia: Göbekli Tepe
Göbekli Tepe is the world's oldest example of monumental architecture; a 'temple' built at the end of the last Ice Age, 12,000 years ago. It was discovered in 1995 CE when, just a short distance from the city of Şanliurfa in Southeast Turkey...

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Robert Guiscard with Pope Nicholas II
Robert Guiscard (c. 1015-1085) is proclaimed Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily by Pope Nicholas II, illustration from the Nuova Cronica of Giovanni Villani, 14th century.

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Chain Tower and Saint Nicholas Tower
Chain Tower and Saint Nicholas Tower, La Rochelle, France.

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Lower Level of the Treasury of Petra
The lower level of the Treasury (Al-Khazneh) of Petra (Jordan) consists of a four-columned, pedimented portico flanked by shallow recesses and two sides columns. The reliefs on the lower level are 5 meters high and depict the Dioscuri, the...

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High-Level Aqueduct of Caesarea Maritima
The high-level aqueduct of Caesarea built by Herod the Gret (r. 37-4 BCE), Caesarea Maritima, Israel.

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Upper Level of the Treasury of Petra
The upper level of the Treasury (Al-Khazneh) of Petra (Jordan) has a circular temple structure (tholos) with a conical roof between recessed Corinthian colonnades and two projecting pavilions capped by half pediments.

Definition
The Canterbury Tales
The Canterbury Tales (written c. 1388-1400 CE) is a medieval literary work by the poet Geoffrey Chaucer (l. c. 1343-1400 CE) comprised of 24 tales related to a number of literary genres and touching on subjects ranging from fate to God's...

Article
How Christmas Was Shaped by 19th-Century Literature
How we celebrate Christmas today is largely shaped by a small group of authors who recorded festive traditions in the 19th century. These authors include Washington Irving (1783-1859), Clement Clarke Moore (1779-1863), and Charles Dickens...

Definition
Despotate of Epirus
The Despotate of Epirus was one of the successor states of the Byzantine Empire when it disintegrated following the Fourth Crusade's capture of Constantinople in 1204 CE. It was originally the most successful of those successor states, coming...