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Chinese Literature
Chinese literature is among the most imaginative and interesting in the world. The precision of the language results in perfectly realized images whether in poetry or prose and, as with all great literature, the themes are timeless. The Chinese...
Definition
Chinese Writing
Ancient Chinese writing evolved from the practice of divination during the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BCE). Some theories suggest that images and markings on pottery shards found at Ban Po Village are evidence of an early writing system but...
Definition
The Pillow Book
The Pillow Book (Makura no Soshi) is a personalised account of life at the Japanese court by Sei Shonagon which she completed c. 1002 CE during the Heian Period. The book is full of humorous observations (okashi) written in the style of a...
Definition
Zhou Dynasty
The Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BCE) was among the most culturally significant of the early Chinese dynasties and the longest lasting of any in China's history, divided into two periods: Western Zhou (1046-771 BCE) and Eastern Zhou (771-256 BCE...
Definition
Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty (202 BCE - 220 CE) was the second dynasty of Imperial China (the era of centralized, dynastic government, 221 BCE - 1912 CE) which established the paradigm for all succeeding dynasties up through 1912 CE. It succeeded the...
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Religion in Ancient China
Religious practices in ancient China go back over 7,000 years. Long before the philosophical and spiritual teachings of Confucius and Lao-Tzu developed or before the teachings of the Buddha came to China, the people worshipped personifications...
Definition
Roman Auxiliary Cavalry
The Roman army consisted of three separate divisions: the famed legions, the cavalry, and lastly, the auxiliaries. The auxiliaries (auxilia) were comprised of infantry cohorts, mounted infantry, and cavalry units or wings (alae). Although...
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Skeleton of Richard III of England
The skeleton identified by researchers from the University of Leicester as that of Richard III of England (r. 1483-1485 CE). The skeleton was excavated from the ruins of Greyfriars Abbey, then beneath a car park in Leicester in 2012 CE. (Image...
Image
Roman bridge of Córdoba, Spain
The Roman bridge of Córdoba is located in the Historic centre of Córdoba (declared a World Heritage Site in 1984), Andalusia, southern Spain. It was originally built in the early 1st century BCE across the Guadalquivir river, though it has...
Image
Roman Temple in Córdoba
The partially reconstructed Roman temple in the Spanish city of Córdoba (Roman Colonia Patricia Corduba).