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Definition
Tower of London
The Tower of London is a castle located in London alongside the River Thames which was first built by William the Conqueror from c. 1077 and significantly added to over the centuries. Often referred to in England as simply 'the Tower', it...

Definition
Roman Siege Warfare
In ancient warfare open battles were the preferred mode of meeting the enemy, but sometimes, when defenders took a stand within their well-fortified city or military camp, siege warfare became a necessity, despite its high expense in money...

Article
Siege Warfare in Medieval Europe
Siege tactics were a crucial part of medieval warfare, especially from the 11th century CE when castles became more widespread in Europe and sieges outnumbered pitched battles. Castles and fortified cities offered protection to both the local...

Definition
Castle Keep - The Safest Place in a Medieval Castle
The keep, located within a courtyard and surrounded by a curtain wall, was the heart of a medieval castle. The hall keep was a low building while the tower keep or donjon could have three or more floors and be topped by turrets and battlements...

Article
Tower of the Winds
The Tower of the Winds, also known as the Clock of Andronicus Cyrrhestes, is a timekeeping tower on the eastern side of the Roman agora of Athens. Built in the 2nd century BCE, it once had nine sundials and contained a large water clock...

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St, Thomas' Tower, Tower of London
St. Thomas' Tower and the Traitor's Gate as seen from the Thames. St. Thomas' Tower was added to the Tower of London by Edward I (r. 1272-1307 CE), its construction lasted from 1275 - 1279.

Definition
Kremlin
The Kremlin is a fortified complex located in the centre of Moscow, Russia, which is made up of towers, high walls, palaces, and cathedrals. Construction of the Kremlin began as early as the 12th century. As one of Russia's most famous landmarks...

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The White Tower, the Tower of London
The White Tower of the Tower of London castle, first built c. 1077-1110 CE by William the Conqueror.

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Chain Tower and Saint Nicholas Tower
Chain Tower and Saint Nicholas Tower, La Rochelle, France.

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White Tower and Black Tower at Castelgrande
This is a picture of the Black Tower (Italian: Torre Nero) in the foreground and White Tower (Italian: Torre Bianca) in the background at the medieval fortress of Castelgrande in Bellinzona, Switzerland.