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A c. 1601 CE portrait of Elizabeth I of England (r. 1588-1603 CE). The 'Rainbow Portrait', so-called because the queen grasps a rainbow - a traditional symbol of peace - in her right hand, has been attributed to various artists: Isaac Oliver, Taddo Zuccari, or Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger.
The queen's dress is embroidered with wildflowers and studded with pearls, a symbol of the Virgin Mary. The inner orange lining of her cloak has many embroidered eyes and ears which remind that the queen is always alert to the best interests of her people. Elizabeth's left arm caries a snake, a traditional symbol of wisdom, and it holds a heart-shaped ruby pendant in its mouth. The inscription above the rainbow in the queen's hand reads Non sine sole iris or 'No rainbow without the sun'. By association, then, the queen's wise rule is as important as the sun to the prosperity of her kingdom.
Hatfield House, Hertfordshire, England.