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In this gallery, we examine the evolution of the Roman Empire through 10 detailed maps. From Julius Caesar's victories to the splitting of the empire, these maps trace the geographical growth, the intricate trade network, and the spread of Christianity in one of history's most durable and influential cultures.
The Roman Empire, at its height (c. 117), was the most extensive political and social structure in Western civilization. Building upon the foundation laid by the Roman Republic, the empire became the largest and most powerful political and military entity in the world up to its time and expanded steadily until its fall in the West in 476.
A map illustrating the last years of the Roman Republic and the chronology and landscape of the four-year-long Civil War (49 - 45 BCE) that started with Julius Caesar crossing the river Rubicon into Italy and ended on the plains outside Munda in southern Spain, the last stand of Pompey’s supporters.
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