Religions of the World

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Joshua J. Mark
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Religion has always been an integral aspect of the human condition. Archaeological evidence strongly suggests religious practices dating back to c. 60,000 BCE and it seems probable that belief in an unseen spiritual world developed independently in cultures around the world from Mesopotamia to Mesoamerica. Religion continues to hold the same significance for many today as in the past.

This collection presents a sampling of the major religions of the world but is only a brief survey. Ancient beliefs such as Roman Religion, Religion in Ancient China, Ancient Egyptian Religion, are touched on briefly while others are given a more lengthy treatment and still others, including Sikhism, the Baha’i Faith, Druze, and the spiritual beliefs of the Native Peoples of North America are omitted as the pieces are yet to be written.

Articles & Definitions

Religion in the Ancient World
Definition

Religion in the Ancient World - Order and the Spiritual Experience

Religion (from the Latin Religio, meaning "restraint," or Relegere, according to Cicero...
Zoroastrianism
Definition

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism is the monotheistic faith established by the Persian prophet Zoroaster (also given as Zarathustra, Zartosht) between...
Hinduism
Definition

Hinduism

Hinduism is the oldest religion in the world, originating in Central Asia and the Indus Valley, still practiced in the present day...
Buddhism
Definition

Buddhism

Buddhism is a non-theistic religion (no belief in a creator god), also considered a philosophy and a moral discipline, originating in...
Jainism
Definition

Jainism

Jainism is one of the oldest religions in the world. The name comes from jiva (soul or life force but, capitalized, is also given as...
Yazidism
Definition

Yazidism

Yazidism is a syncretic, monotheistic religion practiced by the Yazidis, an ethnoreligious group which resides primarily in northern...
Shinto
Definition

Shinto

Shinto means 'way of the gods' and it is the oldest religion in Japan. Shinto's key concepts include purity, harmony, family respect...
Early Judaism
Article

Early Judaism

During the period of early Judaism (6th century BCE - 70 CE), Judean religion began to develop ideas which diverged significantly...
Christianity
Definition

Christianity

Christianity is the world's largest religion, with 2.8 billion adherents. It is categorized as one of the three Abrahamic or monotheistic...
Islam
Definition

Islam

Islam is an Abrahamic-monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Prophet Muhammad ibn Abdullah (l. 570-632 CE, after whose name...
Maya Religion
Definition

Maya Religion

Maya religious beliefs are formed on the notion that virtually everything in the world contains k'uh, or sacredness. K'uh and k'uhul...
Inca Religion
Definition

Inca Religion

For the Incas, as with many other ancient cultures, religion was inseparable from politics, history, and society in general. All...

Illustrations

Questions & Answers

What are the top five major religions in the world?

The top five major religions in the world are Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, and Buddhism.

What is the most popular religion in the world?

The most popular religion in the world is Christianity.

What percentage of the world's population is non-religious?

According to surveys, approximately 15% of the world's population is non-religious, including those who self-identify as "spiritual" but not religious, agnostics, and atheists.

What was the first religion in the world?

The first religion in the world was most likely a form of animism, a belief in a higher, supernatural power or powers and spirits which animate the natural world. The oldest religion still practiced today is Hinduism.
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