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The Hittite Empire, 13th century BCE
A map illustrating the rise and expansion (c. 1750 - 1200 BCE) of the Hittites, ancient Anatolian people who spoke an Indo-European language. At its height around the mid-14th century BCE, the Hittite empire ruled most of Asia Minor from...

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Map of 2nd Century Roman Expansion
A map showing the early expansions of Rome, in the 2nd century BC.

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Byzantine & Persian Empires in the 7th Century
A map showing the extent of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire in the 7th century.

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Map of the First Three Crusades & the 12th-Century Outremer
These maps illustrate the trajectory of the early Crusades (1096–1192), a series of military campaigns launched by the medieval Latin Church with the declared goal of reclaiming the Holy Land—centered between the Mediterranean Sea and the...

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Asia Minor in the Early 1st Century CE
Map of Asia Minor in the early 1st century CE with the Kingdom of Commagene as a Roman client state.

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17th-century Depiction of Plague Doctor
A depiction of "Doctor Schnabel" ("Schnabel" is literally German for "Beak"), a plague doctor in Rome. The illustration appeared in a 17th -century German satirical manuscript. The engraving was first published by Paul Fürst (1608–1666...

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Ptolemaic Trade Networks in the Late 1st Century BCE
This map illustrates the trading networks which connected the Ptolemaic Kingdom to South Asia and East Africa by the second half of the 1st century BCE. During this time period, Ptolemaic Egypt was a major player in the spice trade which...

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European 16th Century Armour
Typical weapons and armour used in European warfare in the 16th century and by conquistadors in the New World. (Grand Master's Palace Armoury, Valletta, Malta)

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British Isles at the Beginning of the 10th Century
British Isles in 10th century represented with the coastline at the time.

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Map of Greek Sicily, 5th Century BCE
A map indicating the principal towns in Sicily during the 5th century BCE.