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Anglo-Saxon Clothing, 6-9th century CE
An illustration of the typical clothing worn by Anglo-Saxons in medieval England, c. 500 - c. 1000 CE. ('Costumes of all Nations', 1882 CE)

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Spanish Conquest & Exploration in South America in the 16th Century
A map illustrating Spain’s drive to expand its empire in South America following the occupation of the larger Caribbean islands by 1512. The promise of gold drove the Spaniards far and wide across the continent, from the Isthmus of Panama...

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Chinese Warring States, 3rd century BCE
A map showing the principle state of the Warring States Period in China c. 260 BCE.

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Early Christian Pilgrimage (4th-5th Century)
A map illustrating the establishment of the pilgrimage ('pilgrim' comes from the Latin word peregrinus - a stranger, someone on a journey) to holy places after Roman Emperor Constantine’s conversion to Christianity in 313 CE. The idea of...

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Hellenic Leagues and Hegemonies, 4th century BCE
A map illustrating the Hellenic world's dynamic political landscape in the aftermath of the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BCE) and the emergence of numerous leagues and hegemonies. These alliances formed among city-states and regions to navigate...

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Map of Celtic Expansion - 6th-3rd century BCE
A map showing the various campagins of Celtic tribes between the 6th and 3rd centuries BCE.

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13th Century CE Roll of Arms
The oldest known English roll of arms, dating to c. 1244 CE. It is a single sheet painted on both sides by Mathew Paris and showing 75 coats of arms starting with the king’s. (British Library, London)

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Early-18th Century Flintlock Pistol
A flintlock pistol, c. 1700-1730. English lock and stock. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)

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Scythian Noblewomen, 4th-3rd Century BCE
A visualization of Scythian noblewomen in traditional festive garb.
Special thanks to Patrick Scott Smith for his research and input.

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The Byzantine Empire in the mid-9th century CE
A map of the Byzantine Empire, c. 867 CE.