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Rashidun Caliphate Under Caliph Abu Bakr
A map showing the Rashidun Caliphate (highlighted in green) by the end of Abu Bakr's (r. 632 - 634 CE) life in 634 CE.

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Detail of Statue of Abu Bint Deimon, Hatra
Abu Bint Deimon was the wife of Sanatruq I (reigned c. 140 - 180 CE), king of Hatra. This is a detail of the upper part of the statue. It represents one of the finest sculptures from Hatra. She wears an elaborate headgear, earrings, necklaces...

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Approaching Abu Simbel by Boat
The two rock-cut temples of Abu Simbel (the Great Temple of Ramesses II and the Small Temple of his wife Nefertari) are situated on the west bank of the Nile in southern Egypt. As a result of the construction of the Aswan High Dam in the...

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Temple of Hathor, Abu Simbel
Temple of Hathor or "Small Temple" - constructed during the 19th Dynasty. On the facade, six colossuses represent Rameses II (1290-1223 BCE) and his wife, Queen Nefertari, shown as the Goddess Hathor. Alongside each colossus are small figures...

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Spiral Minaret, Abu Dulaf
A photograph by Gertrude Bell (l. 1868-1926) of a ruined spiral minaret near the Mosque of Abu Dulaf. Taken in 1909 in Iraq. (Gertrude Bell Archive)

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Surveying Abu Simbel's Great Temple
An expert making a detailed survey in the sanctuary of the Great Temple. In the background —from left to right— the seated statues of Ptah, Amun, Rameses II and Harakhte.
Abu Simbel, Nubia, Egypt (March 1960)

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Decorated Pottery Jar from Abu Hamid
This type is similar to the ones used for infant burials, but this one is painted with red strips using iron oxide (hematite), material already known during the Neolithic period for coloring plaster. The Jar was carefully made on a straw...

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Worker on Colossal Foot, Abu Simbel
The International Campaign for the safeguard of of the Nubian monuments was launched by UNESCO. A worker seated on one of the feet of the Great Temple statues during the dismantling work.
Abu Simbel, Nubia, Egypt (9 February 1966)

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Full Length Statue of Abu Bint Deimon, Hatra
Abu Bint Deimon was the wife of Sanatruq I (reigned c. 140 - 180 CE), king of Hatra. The statue represents one of the finest sculptures from Hatra. She wears elaborate headgear, earrings, necklaces, and bracelets. Her right arm is raised...

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Perforated Flint Disc from Abu Hamid
This is a hallmark of the Chalcolithic industry. The perforation may have been for inserting a stick; the disc would then be used for cutting, as a weapon, or just as a symbol of authority. Late Chalcolithic period, 4000-3800 BCE. From Abu...