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The Stadium of Amantia was built in the 3rd century BCE. Its stone rows, set in the form of an extended horseshoe, followed a track 12.5m wide and about 60m long. It had 17 rows on one side and 8 on the other and could accommodate about 4000...

The Theatre was built against a natural slope and dates from the middle of the 3rd century BCE. With its 40 steps of seats, it had a capacity of 7,500 spectators.

One of the city gates of Amantia with an archway belonging to the second phase of construction of the city. The city was protected by a 2,100 m long, walled enclosure equipped with three monumental gates.

Mehmed II (1432-1481 CE), also known as Mehmed the Conqueror, was the seventh and among the greatest sultans of the Ottoman Empire. His conquests consolidated Ottoman rule in Anatolia and the Balkans, and he most famously triumphed in conquering...

Derbent (sometimes "Derbend" or "Darbend") is an ancient city located along the Caspian Sea in what is present-day Russia. Although the area in and around Derbent has been continuously inhabited since at least the 8th century BCE, Shah Yazdegerd...

The Parthians ruled from 247 BCE to 224 CE creating a vast empire that stretched from the Mediterranean in the west to India and China in the east. East of the Caspian Sea there emerged from the steppe of Central Asia a nomadic Scythian tribe...

Parthian warfare was characterized by the extensive use of cavalry and archers. Coming at enemy troops from all directions Parthian riders created confusion and wreaked havoc. They even developed the famous “Parthian shot.” Able to shoot...

Pella & Aegae - Macedonian Capitals Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time, but nowadays the region is considered to include...

In 36 BCE, Mark Antony (83-30 BCE) invaded Parthia, hoping to render himself one of the great conquerors of the Greco-Roman world, but he was stymied by Parthian forces and obliged to undertake an arduous, costly retreat. What to make of...

A map illustrating the Caucasian states after the First Peace of Nisibis in 299 CE depicts a period of geopolitical stability and well-defined borders between the Roman and Sassanid Empires. This treaty, aimed at settling disputes and establishing...