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Khatam
Definition

Khatam

Khatam is a decoration technique used exclusively on wooden objects and one of Iran's finest and most delicate crafts consisting of geometrical patterns. Small squares or triangles are laid next to one another in different compositions...
Carving of King Bahram I at Bishapur, Iran
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Carving of King Bahram I at Bishapur, Iran

Sasanian relief depicting the investiture of Bahram I (r. 273-276 CE), the fourth Sasanian King of Kings of Iran, Tang-e Chogan. Bahram I is depicted receiving the royal diadem from the Zoroastrian supreme...
Religion in the Ancient World
Definition

Religion in the Ancient World - Order and the Spiritual Experience

Religion (from the Latin Religio, meaning "restraint," or Relegere, according to Cicero, meaning "to repeat, to read again," or, most likely, Religionem, "to show respect for what is sacred"...
Ancient Celtic Art
Definition

Ancient Celtic Art

Art, along with language, is perhaps the best way to see the connections between the ancient peoples we label as Celts who lived in Iron Age Europe. There were great variations across time and space but common features of ancient...
Ancient Egyptian Government
Definition

Ancient Egyptian Government

The government of ancient Egypt was a theocratic monarchy as the king ruled by a mandate from the gods, initially was seen as an intermediary between human beings and the divine, and was supposed to represent the gods'...
Faravahar
Definition

Faravahar

The faravahar is the best-known symbol from ancient Persia of the winged sun disk with a seated male figure in the center. It is thought to represent Ahura Mazda, the god of Zoroastrianism, but has also been interpreted to signify...
Tower of Silence, Yazd, Iran
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Tower of Silence, Yazd, Iran

A Tower of Silence, Yazd, Iran. These structures are used in Zoroastrianism when the dead are exposed to scavengers.
Ancient Celtic Sculpture
Definition

Ancient Celtic Sculpture

The sculpture of the ancient Celts between 700 BCE and 400 CE is nothing if not varied as artists across Europe developed their own ideas and borrowed what interested them from neighbouring cultures. Early Celtic stone...
Ancient Indian Warfare
Definition

Ancient Indian Warfare

War was the chief means by which territory was annexed or rulers defeated in ancient India, which was divided into multiple kingdoms, republics and empires. Often one empire predominated or different empires co-existed...
Ancient Egyptian Culture
Definition

Ancient Egyptian Culture

Ancient Egyptian culture flourished between c. 6000 BCE with the rise of technology (as evidenced in the glasswork of faience) and 30 BCE with the death of Cleopatra VII, the last Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt. It is famous...
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