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Mt. Darbandi Bilula's Akkadian Rock Relief, Mesopotamia, Iraq
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Mt. Darbandi Bilula's Akkadian Rock Relief, Mesopotamia, Iraq

This rock relief dates back to the Akkadian era. It lies on the cliff of Mt. Darbadi Bilula, Hori and Shekhan area, Sulaimaniya, near the Iranian border, Iraq. Circa 2100 BCE. It features a victorious man with two captives before him; one...
Map of Mesopotamia, c. 1400 BCE
Image by Javierfv1212

Map of Mesopotamia, c. 1400 BCE

This is a map of Mesopotamia showing the dominant kingdoms of Egypt, Mitanni, Hatti, and Kassite Babylonia.
God and Goddess from Mesopotamia
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

God and Goddess from Mesopotamia

The upper halves of terracotta plaques, depicting a male figure (on the left, who has a long beard) and a female figure (on the right, with bare breast) wearing a horned headdress (symbol of divinity) and appearing to hold a long bar in both...
Boundary Stone from Mesopotamia
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Boundary Stone from Mesopotamia

This boundary stone, or kudurru, records a gift of land made by Eanna-shum-iddina, governor of the Sea-Land in Southern Babylonia. The receiver's name is Gula-Eresh. The text ends with a series of curses on anyone questioning the gift or...
Religion in the Ancient World
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Religion in the Ancient World

Religion (from the Latin Religio, meaning 'restraint,' or Relegere, according to Cicero, meaning 'to repeat, to read again,' or, most likely, Religionem, 'to show respect for what is sacred') is an organized system of beliefs and practices...
The Ancient City
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

The Ancient City

In the study of the ancient world a City is generally defined as a large populated urban center of commerce and administration with a system of laws and, usually, regulated means of sanitation. This is only one definition, however, and the...
Agriculture in the Fertile Crescent and Mesopotamia - Timeline
Image by Simeon Netchev

Agriculture in the Fertile Crescent and Mesopotamia - Timeline

A visual timeline illustrating the evolution of agriculture in parallel with invention and social development in the region of the Fertile Crescent (a term first used in 1916 by Egyptologist J.H. Breasted), enabling the establishment of cities...
Ghosts in the Ancient World
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ghosts in the Ancient World

A belief in an afterlife was central to every major civilization of the ancient world and this encouraged the recognition of the reality of ghosts as the spirits of the departed who, for one reason or another, either returned from the realm...
Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent - A Short History
Video by Kelly Macquire

Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent - A Short History

Mesopotamia is an ancient region in the Middle East, east of the Mediterranean by the Zagros mountains, between the two rivers Tigris and Euphrates. The name ‘Mesopotamia’ comes from the Greek meaning ‘between two rivers’. The region is now...
Ten Great Ancient Mesopotamian Women
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Ten Great Ancient Mesopotamian Women

The lives of women in ancient Mesopotamia were regulated by a patriarchal hierarchy, but within this social structure, there were many who distinguished themselves and some who were able to assume positions traditionally held by men. Women...
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