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Church of Saint Pancrace after 1905 Law of Separation
The entrance of the Church of Saint Pancrace in Aups after the 1905 Law of Separation of Church and State in France.

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The Law Code of Gortyn, Crete
The lawcode from Gortyn, Crete was written in the 5th century BCE and is said to be the largest epigraphic text in ancient Greek (8 m x 1.70 m).

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Trade in the Byzantine Empire
Trade and commerce were essential components of the success and expansion of the Byzantine Empire. Trade was carried out by ship over vast distances, although for safety, most sailing vessels were restricted to the better weather conditions...

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Society in the Byzantine Empire
The society in the Byzantine Empire (4th-15th century CE) was dominated by the imperial family and the male aristocracy but there were opportunities for social advancement thanks to wars, population movements, imperial gifts of lands and...

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Daily Life in the Byzantine Empire
Daily life in the Byzantine Empire, like almost everywhere else before or since, largely depended on one's birth and the social circumstances of one's parents. There were some opportunities for advancement based on education, the accumulation...

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Byzantine Icons
Icons, that is images of holy persons, were an important part of the Byzantine Christian Church from the 3rd century CE onwards. Venerated in churches, public places, and private homes, they were often believed to have protective properties...

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Law Code of King Ur-Nammu
This law code is considered the oldest known law code surviving today. Many terracotta tablets of this law code have been excavated at several archaeological sites in Mesopotamia. This tablet was found at Nippur (modern Nuffar, Al-Qadisiyah...

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Amphictionic Law of Delphi
Amphictionic law of Delphi, Pentelic marble stele, from Aegina, 4th century BCE.
Louvre, Paris.

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Law of Anastasius I Dicorus
Marble slab inscribed in Greek. This is the law of the Byzantine Emperor Anastasius I Dicorus (reigned 491-518 CE), regulating the passage through Dardanelles customs. Byzantine Period, 6th century CE. From Abydos, Çanakkale, in modern-day...

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Hammurabi's Law Code
A diorite stele with an inscription of Hammurabi's code of laws. Susa, Babylonia, 18th century BCE. Cast of the original now in the Louvre, Paris. (Pushkin Museum, Moscow)