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Kingdom of Benin
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Kingdom of Benin

The Kingdom of Benin, located in the southern forests of West Africa (modern Nigeria) and formed by the Edo people, flourished from the 13th to 19th century CE. The capital, also called Benin, was the hub of a trade network exclusively controlled...
Vandals
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Vandals

The Vandals were a Germanic tribe who are first mentioned in Roman history in the Natural History of Pliny the Elder (77 CE). The Roman historian Tacitus also mentions them in his Germania (c. 98 CE), though he also refers to them as the...
Map of Africa in World War II
Image by Simeon Netchev

Map of Africa in World War II

Africa became a central arena in the global struggle of the Second World War (1939–1945), where imperial rivalry, strategic geography, and colonial governance converged. Campaigns in North Africa (1940–1943) pitted Axis forces, initially...
Door Slab from the Central Palace, Nimrud
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Door Slab from the Central Palace, Nimrud

These cuneifrom inscriptions describe some of the military campaigns of the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III (reigned 744-727 BCE) and were probably first placed in a doorway of the Central Palace built by this King at Nimrud. Assyrian...
Central Europe 5th century CE
Image by Varoon Arya

Central Europe 5th century CE

Map showing central Europe in the 5th century CE.
The Central Baths at Herculaneum
Image by Carole Raddato

The Central Baths at Herculaneum

The Central Baths at Herculaneum were laid out around the beginning of the 1st century CE and were divided into separate (larger) men's and (smaller) women facilities, each with their sequence of changing room (apodyterium), warm room (tepidarium...
Marine Mosaic in the Central Baths of Herculaneum
Image by Carole Raddato

Marine Mosaic in the Central Baths of Herculaneum

Marine mosaic floor decorating the apodyterium (changing room) of the women's baths in Herculaneum. The Central Baths at Herculaneum were built around the beginning of the 1st century CE and were divided, as was then the common practice...
Central Gate & Pagoda, Horyuji Temple
Image by Horyuji Chumon Warizuka

Central Gate & Pagoda, Horyuji Temple

The Chumon or central gate and five-storey pagoda of the Buddhist temple Horyuji, Nara, Japan. It is the most important Buddhist temple in Japan and was first built in 607 CE by Prince Shotoku during the Asuka Period. The temple was destroyed...
View from Staircase of Central Pillar and Loculi, Columbarium 1, Vigna Codini
Image by Francesca Santoro L'hoir

View from Staircase of Central Pillar and Loculi, Columbarium 1, Vigna Codini

The loculi in the central pillar of this columbarium in Rome (discovered in 1940 CE) seem to have been reserved for the elected officers of the funeral institution (The name of one of them has been stamped several times into the wet stucco...
Moon Idol from Central European Bronze Age
Image by Nathalie Choubineh

Moon Idol from Central European Bronze Age

Clay figurine found in Chorvátsky Grob, Late Bronze Age. Slovak National Museum, Bratislava. Moon idols (Mondidole), also known as 'firedogs' (Feuerböcke), were clay figurines shaped like a dog or wolf, whose elongated, backward bending...
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