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Biface from Blombos Cave, South Africa
Biface from Blombos Cave, South Africa. It belongs to the Africa Middle Stone Age (MSA) tool culture and has been dated to c. 71,000 years old.

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Olive Oil Amphora From Africa
Olive oil amphora from Africa and found at Ostia. 3rd century CE. Museo delle Navi Romane di Fiumicino. (National Maritime Museum, Sydney Australia) This amphora is stamped with its place of manufacture; Sullechtum in the Roman province...

Definition
Timbuktu
Timbuktu (Timbuctoo) is a city in Mali, West Africa which was an important trade centre of the Mali Empire which flourished between the 13th and 15th centuries CE. The city, founded c. 1100 CE, gained wealth from access to and control of...

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The Spread of Islam in Africa
A map indicating the general direction and timings of the spread of Islam in Africa from the 7th to 18th century CE

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Mapungubwe, South Africa
The hill-site of Mapungubwe, capital of the kingdom of Mapungubwe (11-14th century CE). Located at the very north of South Africa near the Limpopo River.

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North Africa After the Berber Revolt (739-743 CE)
Northwest Africa after 743 CE, when the Umayyad Caliphate had been overthrown in the region by the Berber Revolt of 739 - 743 CE.

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Royal Canadian Air Force, North Africa
A photograph of a group of Supermarine Spitfires of the Royal Canadian Air Force at Goubrine in the North Africa Campaign during the Second World War (1939-45). (Imperial War Museums)

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Map of Roman Africa
Nothern Africa under Roman rule. From H.Kiepert (1879), Historischer Schulatlas.

Definition
Kingdom of Luba
The Kingdom of Luba, located in central Africa, thrived from the 15th to 19th century CE and was the first such state in the Congo basin. Skills in ironworking and trade along the Lualaba river in such metals as copper permitted the Luba...

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The Bantu Migration in Africa
A map illustrating the general route of the Bantu migration which occurred in various stages from the second millennium BCE to c. 1500 CE.