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Maya Food & Agriculture
Article by Mark Cartwright

Maya Food & Agriculture

For the Maya, reliable food production was so important to their well-being that they closely linked the agricultural cycle to astronomy and religion. Important rituals and ceremonies were held in honour of specialised workers; from beekeepers...
Columbian Exchange
Definition by John Horgan

Columbian Exchange

The Columbian exchange is a term coined by Alfred Crosby Jr. in 1972 that is traditionally defined as the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World of Europe and Africa and the New World of the Americas. The exchange...
Christmas Through the Ages
Article by Mark Cartwright

Christmas Through the Ages

The Christmas holiday has gathered around it customs and traditions for over two millennia, some of which even pre-date the Christian festival itself. From gift-giving to the sumptuous spread of a Christmas dinner table, this article traces...
In Darwin's Footsteps - Te Waimate Mission
Article by Kim Martins

In Darwin's Footsteps - Te Waimate Mission

The Bay of Islands is a subtropical region in New Zealand's far north and is a popular destination for big-game fishing, sailing, and dolphin watching. It is an area rich in the history of Maori (Māori in their own language) and European...
Maya kakau glyph
Image by VVVladimir

Maya kakau glyph

This ancient Maya glyph is pronounced "kah-kah-oo." Various forms of this glyph can be found on Maya vessels, some of which are known to have contained chocolate in some form.
What Montezuma's Aztec Sounded Like - and how we know
Video by NativLang

What Montezuma's Aztec Sounded Like - and how we know

The Aztecs didn't call him Montezuma. Nor Moctezuma. They didn't call chocolate "chocolate". Heck, they didn't even call themselves Aztec! Though they were an oral culture, we have an idea of what their language really sounded like. Here's...
Uncorking the Past: Ancient Ales, Wines, and Extreme Beverages (Clip 3)
Video by Getty Museum

Uncorking the Past: Ancient Ales, Wines, and Extreme Beverages (Clip 3)

June 4, 2011, The Getty Villa Clip 3: A Fermented Cacao Beverage from Central America In three highlight clips from this public lecture, Patrick McGovern, scientific director of the Biomolecular Archaeology Laboratory at the University...
Aztec Warfare
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Aztec Warfare

The Aztecs engaged in warfare (yaoyotl) to acquire territory, resources, quash rebellions, and to collect sacrificial victims to honour their gods. Warfare was a fundamental part of Aztec culture with all males expected to actively participate...
Hitler Youth
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Hitler Youth

The Hitler Youth (Hitlerjugend or HJ), named after the leader of the German Nazi Party Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), was designed to indoctrinate 14-18 year-old boys into the party's way of thinking. Its activities promoted physical exercise...
Teotihuacan
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Teotihuacan

Teotihuacan, located in the Basin of Central Mexico, was the largest, most influential, and most revered city in the history of the New World. It flourished in Mesoamerica's Golden Age, the Classic Period of the first millennium CE. Dominated...
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