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First Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress, held by delegates from 12 of the 13 British colonies of North America from 5 September to 26 October 1774. The mural depicts Patrick Henry delivering a speech during the Congress at Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia...

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Quasi-War
The Quasi-War (1798-1800) or 'Half War' was a limited, undeclared naval conflict fought between the United States and the First French Republic. Hostilities arose when French privateers began attacking neutral American shipping, resulting...

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John Hancock
John Hancock (1737-1793) was a merchant, politician, and Founding Father of the United States, who helped lead the Patriot movement during the American Revolution (1765-1789). He served as president of the Second Continental Congress from...

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The Scramble for Africa after the Berlin Conference, 1885
The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, also known as the Congo Conference, was convened by European powers to regulate colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period. Led by German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck at the request...

Definition
Horatio Gates
Horatio Gates (1727-1806) was an English-born general of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). Initially viewed as a hero for his stunning victory at the Battles of Saratoga, Gates' reputation was later tarnished...

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Soviet War Memorial in Berlin
Soviet War memorial in the Großer Tiergarten, Berlin, photographed by Manfred Brueckels, 2007. The memorial itself was unveiled in November 1945 to commemorate the Soviet Union's losses in the war, especially those who died during the Battle...

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The Congress of Vienna: Crash Course
The end of the Napoleonic Wars left the great powers of Europe shaken. Judging from the destruction that had been wrought across the continent, it seemed to the powers that be that the Enlightenment had liberated the people, and led to disaster...

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Bombed Berlin Reichstag, 1945
A June 1945 photograph showing the bomb-damaged Reichstag in Berlin. (Imperial War Museums, London)

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Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, Berlin
The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, Berlin. The church was damaged in the bombing of Berlin during the Second World War (1939-45) and left as a memorial.

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Vandalised Jewish Shop, Berlin
A photograph showing a smashed Jewish-owned shop in Berlin, Germany. The Nazis orchestrated Kristallnacht (‘Night of Broken Glass’), an attack on Jews and Jewish property across Germany and Austria on 9-10 November, 1938. (UK National Archives...