Council of Constance: Did you mean...?

Cardinal Ercole Gonzaga Presiding at the Council of Trent, painting by Elia Naurizio (1589-1657). Diocesan Museum Francesco Gonzaga, Mantua.

An image of the fresco depicting the Council of Chalcedon that was called in 451. Created by Dionisius (1444-1502) around 1520. Ferapontov Monastery, Ferapontovo, Vologda Oblast, Russia.

A depiction of the Coup of 18 Brumaire; the deputies of the Council of 500 rush to accost Napoleon Bonaparte, who is surrounded by his loyal grenadiers; his brother Lucien Bonaparte stands at the president's chair, trying to quiet the assembly...

An 11th century CE illustration of the Seventh Ecumenical Council which decreed the end of iconoclasm in the Byzantine Church, in September 787 CE. Emperor Constantine VI (r. 780-797 CE) is depicted sitting immediately right of the central...

The Diet of Worms (January-May 1521) was the assembly convened by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor to address, among other issues, the works of the reformer Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546) who openly criticized the Church. Luther was told to recant...

The French Directory, or Directorate (French: le Directoire), was the government of France from 2 November 1795 until 9 November 1799, a period that spanned the last four years of the French Revolution (1789-1799). The Directory was unpopular...

The Hussite Wars (1419 to c. 1434) were a series of conflicts fought in Bohemia (modern-day Czech Republic) between followers of the reformer Jan Hus and Catholic loyalists toward the end of the Bohemian Reformation (c. 1380 to c. 1436...

The apparatus of colonial government in the Spanish Empire consisted of multiple levels, starting with the monarchy and Council of the Indies at the top and moving down to the viceroy, audiencias, mayors, and local councils. The system was...

Although Huldrych Zwingli (l. 1483-1531) began his Reformation efforts in Zürich in 1519, his first break with the Church came in 1522 when he defended a group of citizens who had broken the Lenten fast by eating sausages. The event, known...

Map showing the spread of Christianity, showing both strongly Christianized areas before 325 CE and generally Christianized areas until 600 CE. The map also shows major Christian centers and the cities in which Christian councils were held.