Duchy of Warsaw: Did you mean...?

Edward of Woodstock (1330-1376 CE), better known as the Black Prince after his distinctive armour or martial reputation, was the eldest son of Edward III of England (r. 1327-1377 CE). Made the Prince of Wales in 1343 CE, Edward would fight...

Michel de L'Hospital (also known as L'Hôpital, c. 1505-1573) was a French statesman who served during the reigns of four kings – Francis I, Henry II, Francis II, and Charles IX – as Councillor of Parlement (1537), Chancellor of the Duchesse...

The Fourth Crusade (1202-1204 CE) was called by Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216 CE) to retake Jerusalem from its current Muslim overlords. However, in a bizarre combination of cock-ups, financial constraints, and Venetian trading ambitions...

Trachy of Manuel Komnenos Doukas, Emperor of Thessalonica and then ruler of Thessaly, (r. 1230-1241).

The knights of medieval Europe were meant to be the finest fighting men of their age, even more important, they were expected to be pure in thought and deed, as exemplified in the chivalrous code which they (usually) followed. Here are the...

In 1204 CE the unthinkable happened and Constantinople, after nine centuries of withstanding all comers, was brutally sacked. Even more startling was the fact that the perpetrators were not any of the traditional enemies of the Byzantine...

Face reconstruction of King John of England (also called John Lackland, r. 1199-1216), based on his tomb effigy in Worcester Cathedral and contemporary chroniclers describing his physical appearance. During his reign, he lost the Duchy of...

This is the Castelgrande in Bellinzona, Switzerland. The castles of Bellinzona are a set of three medieval fortifications located in and surrounding the city of Bellinzona, which is located in Canton Ticino, Switzerland. These castles are...

The medieval Castelgrande castle of Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland. The castle was developed and controlled by the Duchy of Milan when ruled by the Visconti (1277-1447 CE) and Sforza dynasties (1450-1535 CE).

The medieval Sasso Corbaro castle of Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland. The castle was developed and controlled by the Duchy of Milan when ruled by the Visconti (1277-1447 CE) and Sforza dynasties (1450-1535 CE).