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Maryland, Dutch East Indies
A Swiss plantation in the Dutch East Indies bought in 1881 by Karl Krüsi (1855–1925) and named after Mary, his wife. In 1893, he sold it for a fortune and built the Villa Sumatra Zurich’s Sumatrastrasse. Manager House in Deli, Karl Krüsi...

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Dutch Navy Ship Encounters French Vessel
Artist's impression of Dutch explorers meeting a French ship near the coastline, with a port town and mountains in the background. Created by Amplitude Studios for the video game Humankind.

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A History of Svalbard
Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean on the northwest corner of the Barents Shelf. It is 800 kilometres (497 mi) north of mainland Norway and sits roughly midway between the top of Norway and the North Pole. It is bordered by Greenland...

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Chart of the Malay Archipelago and the Dutch Discoveries in Australia
Chart of the Malay Archipelago and the Dutch discoveries in Australia by Dutch cartographer Hessel Gerritsz (1581–1632).

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Battle of Fleurus
The Battle of Fleurus (26 June 1794) was the climax of the Flanders Campaign of 1792-95 and was one of the most decisive battles in the War of the First Coalition (1792-1797). A French victory, Fleurus ensured French ascendency for the rest...

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Territorial Expansion of the Roman Republic (c. 260 - 30 BCE)
A map illustrating the expansion of the Roman Republic from its origins as a loose confederacy of allies and those called Latins in Italy (after the Latin War of 340 - 338 BCE) through more than 230 years of alliances, wars, and annexations...

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Dutch Golden Age: Crash Course
While the English were falling apart a little, with their civil war and their restoration and their succession problems, the Dutch were getting their act together. They were throwing off the yoke of the Spanish Empire, uniting their provinces...

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Plato's Republic
The Latin Edition cover of Plato's dialogue of Republic, 1713

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Roman Republic Gold Aureus
This gold aureus is one of the first Roman portrait coins. Roman Republican coins did not usually depict living people, although a statue of the politician Sulla appeared on a coin during his lifetime. The son of Pompey the Great adapted...

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English & Dutch Galleons in Combat
A 17th-century painting by Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom showing English and Dutch galleons in combat in 1605. Both ships are typical of the Spanish galleon type. (National Maritime Museum, Amsterdam)