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The Judgement of the Dead by Osiris
The judgement of the dead in the presence of Osiris, from the Book of the Dead of Hunefer, from Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, c. 1275 BCE. The scene reads from left to right. To the left, Anubis brings Hunefer into the judgement area. Anubis...

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Folio of Early Pauline Espitles
A folio from P46, an early 3rd century collection of Pauline epistles. Folio from Papyrus 46, an early 3rd century collection of Pauline epistles, containing 2 Corinthians 11:33-12:9 Transcription (the bracketed portions are illegible...

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Satire of the Trades
Papyrus Anastasi VII; sheet 1, New Kingdom copy of the Satire of the Trades.

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The Delian League, Part 2: From Eurymedon to the Thirty Years Peace (465/4-445/4 BCE)
This text is part of an article series on the Delian League. The second phase of the Delian League's operations begins with the Hellenic victory over Mede forces at Eurymedon and ends with the Thirty Years Peace between Athens and Sparta...

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The Gifts of Isis: Women's Status in Ancient Egypt
An inscription on an Egyptian papyrus dating from the 2nd century CE relates that the goddess Isis, bestowing gifts on humanity at the beginning of time, gave as much power and honor to women as she did to men. This brief passage reflects...

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Caesarea Maritima's Role in the Mediterranean Trade
Caesarea Maritima was located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Built from the ground up in 22-10 BCE by Rome's client king, Herod the Great (r. 37-4 BCE), its location in relation to ship traffic and proximity to historical...

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The Plays of Cratinus
Cratinus was a highly successful writer of Attic Old Comedy, but the very fragmentary nature of his surviving plays means that he is not as well remembered as Aristophanes (eleven of whose plays come down to us intact). Despite this, it is...

Definition
Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
The Second Intermediate Period (c. 1782 - c.1570 BCE) is the era following the Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2040-1782 BCE) and preceding the New Kingdom (1570-1069 BCE). As with all historical designations of the eras of Egyptian history, the...

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Babatha Scroll
A scroll written by Babatha, a Jewish woman living in the 2nd century CE and found in the Cave of Letters, Israel, in 1960-1 CE. The document here refers to a date orchard.

Definition
Canaan
Canaan was the name of a large and prosperous ancient country (at times independent, at others a tributary to Egypt) located in the Levant region of present-day Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Israel. It was also known as Phoenicia. The origin...