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Civil Constitution of the Clergy
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy was a law passed in July 1790 during the French Revolution (1789-1799), which caused the immediate subordination of the Catholic Church in France to the French government. An attempt to modernize the Church...
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French Defence of Verdun
French Army troops operating a captured German Maxim MG 08 machine gun at Fort Douaumont at the Battle of Verdun (Feb-Dec 1916) during the First World War (1914-18).
Imperial War Museums.
Definition
Edward the Black Prince
Edward of Woodstock (1330-1376 CE), better known as the Black Prince after his distinctive armour or martial reputation, was the eldest son of Edward III of England (r. 1327-1377 CE). Made the Prince of Wales in 1343 CE, Edward would fight...
Definition
Treaties of Tilsit
The Treaties of Tilsit were two peace treaties signed in July 1807 by Emperor Napoleon I of France (r. 1804-1814; 1815) and the monarchs of Russia and Prussia in the aftermath of the Battle of Friedland. The treaties ended the War of the...
Definition
Assignat
The assignat was a paper bill issued by France between 1789 and 1796, during the French Revolution (1789-1799). First issued in the form of bonds, the assignat was meant to stimulate France's economy as a quick means to pay off national debt...
Article
Louis XVI, the Girondins, & the Road to Revolutionary War (1791-92)
On 20 April 1792, King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792) stood before the Legislative Assembly and, with a faltering voice, read a declaration of war against Austria, to the ecstatic delight of the gathered deputies. This declaration sealed...
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English & French Colonies in North America, 1758 CE
Map of English and French colonies in North America c. 1758 CE. English-controlled colonies are shown in yellow, French colonies in green, and disputed territories in red. Collection of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
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The Three French Consuls
A depiction of the three French consuls during the period of the French Consulate; from left to right, Jean-Jacques Régis de Cambacérès, Napoléon Bonaparte, and Charles-François Lebrun.
By Henri-Nicolas Van Gorp, 1803.
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Abandoned French Guns, Verdun, 1916
A photograph of abandoned French artillery during the Battle of Verdun (Feb-Dec 1916), one of the major battles of the First World War (1914-18), which ultimately ended in a French victory over German forces.
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North America in the French and Indian War 1754–1763 - A Colonial War and the Roots of American Revolution
This map illustrates the course and key developments of the French and Indian War (1754–1763), the North American theater of the global Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France. It shows the territorial struggles, shifting alliances...