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Basilica of Saint-Denis
The Basilica of Saint-Denis is located in a northern suburb of Paris, France. Extensively renovated by Abbot Suger (1081-1151 CE), a powerful figure in 12th-century CE France, Saint-Denis is considered to be the first-ever Gothic cathedral...

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Basilica of Saint-Denis, Main Altar
Extensively renovated by Abbot Suger between 1137 and 1148 CE, the Basilica of Saint-Denis in Paris became the archetype of Gothic cathedrals. Suger made intentional use of light to help spiritually transport the beholder towards the divine...

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Sainte-Chapelle Upper Chapel
Completed in 1248 CE, Sainte-Chapelle is a Gothic cathedral located on the Île de la Cité in Paris. Part of the medieval Palais de la Cité, King Louis IX (r. 1226-1270 CE) commissioned Sainte-Chapelle to be built to house his Christian relics...

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Chapel of Saint Hubert, Amboise
The Gothic chapel of Saint Hubert, Chateau d'Amboise, Amboise, France. Built in 1493 CE, the chapel contains the tomb of Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519 CE).

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Model of Orleans Cathedral
A scale model of the Gothic Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Orléans, France. 13-14th century CE.

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Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Orleans
The facade of the Gothic Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Orléans, France. 13-16th century CE.
![Model of Orleans Cathedral [Rear View]](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/10500.jpg?v=1599152403)
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Model of Orleans Cathedral [Rear View]
A scale model of the Gothic Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Orléans, France. 13-14th century CE.

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Sebastiano Serlio
Sebastiano Serlio (1475-1554 CE) was an Italian Renaissance architect, painter, and scholar. His most successful building design is the classically-inspired Château d'Ancy-le-Franc in France. Serlio's lifetime of scholarship came together...

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Mavia's Revolt & the Christian Question
In 378 CE the Tanukhid queen Mavia (r. c. 375 - c. 425 CE) of the Saracens led a successful revolt against the Roman Empire, pitting her forces against the armies under the emperor Valens (364-378 CE). Launching her insurrection from the...

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Vitruvius
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (c. 90 - c. 20 BCE), better known simply as Vitruvius, was a Roman military engineer and architect who wrote De Architectura (On Architecture), a treatise which combines the history of ancient architecture and engineering...