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William the Conqueror's March on London 1066
A map illustrating the campaign of William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy) in Britain aiming to capture London and secure control of the Kingdom of England (which, Willaim claimed, had been promised to him by Edward the Confessor, the childless...

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Torture Rack, Tower of London
A model of a torture rack in the Tower of London. The rack was used to extract confessions and information by stretching the limbs and eventually ripping the tendons and sinews of the person tied to it. A famous example of its use was on...

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Map of Anglo-Saxon London
This is a map of Anglo-Saxon London between circa 500 CE and 1066 CE. The main purpose of this map is to highlight those place names which can still be recognized in modern London. As this map spans over 500 years, some of these places may...

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Essex Returns to London, 1643
A 19th-century illustration showing the Parliamentarian general the Earl of Essex returning to London after the First Battle of Newbury during the English Civil Wars (1642-51). The battle in September 1643 was indecisive but it did prevent...

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Toilet, Tower of London
A typical medieval toilet or garderobe. Tower of London. 11th century CE.

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The White Tower, the Tower of London
The White Tower of the Tower of London castle, first built c. 1077-1110 CE by William the Conqueror.

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Anne Boleyn in the Tower of London
A 19th century CE painting by Edouard Cibot showing Anne Boleyn (c. 1501-1536 CE), the second wife of Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547 CE) prior to her execution in 1536 CE in the Tower of London. (Musée Rolin, Autun, Burgundy, France)

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Tower of London Aerial View
An aerial view of the Tower of London castle, first built c. 1077-1110 CE by William the Conqueror. The castle was then extended and modified over the subsequent centuries.

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The London Medical Papyrus
The London Medical Papyrus (c. 1629 BCE) is among the oldest medical texts in the world.

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Temple Church, London
Temple Church, built in the City of London in the 12th century, was used by the Knights Templar as their headquarters and treasury. Famous for its effigies, it has been featured prominently in popular culture.