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Suleiman the Magnificent
Suleiman the Magnificent (aka Süleyman I or Suleiman I, r. 1520-1566) was the tenth and longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Hailed as a skilled military commander, a just ruler, and a divinely anointed monarch during his lifetime...

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Shang Dynasty of China, c. 1100 BCE
A map illustrating the rise and expansion of the Bronze Age Shang dynasty of China in the second millennium BCE following the overthrowing of the Xia dynasty. Established around 1600 BCE, on the North China Plain, the Shang ruled by a single...

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The "Spring of Nations", Revolutionary Europe in 1848
A map illustrating the series of republican revolts and political upheavals against European monarchies in 1848, also known as the People's Spring or the Spring of Nations. The widespread violent unrest started in Sicily and, within a short...

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Tang Dynasty of China, c. 669 CE
A map illustrating the Tang Dynasty of China at its greatest extent under the rule of Emperor Gaozong, encompassing modern-day China, parts of Central Asia, and the Korean Peninsula. Around 669, the Empire reached its pinnacle of economic...

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Gupta Dynasty India, 320 - c. 550 CE
A map illustrating the rise to power and expansion of the Gupta dynasty in India. Once rulers of the Magadha (now Bihar) kingdom, between the early 300s and mid-500s, they held an empire in northern and parts of central and western India...

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Celadon Fish-Dragon Ewer, Goryeo Dynasty
A celadon fish-dragon ewer. 12th century CE, Goryeo Dynasty, Korea. (National Museum of Korea, Soul, South Korea)

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Liao Dynasty Map
A map indicating the territory controlled by the Liao dynasty (Khitans), 907-1125 CE.

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Delhi Sultanate under the Mamluk Dynasty, 1206-1290
A map illustrating the rise and evolution of the Sultanate of Delhi during the times of its first ruling dynasty – the Mamluks (also known as the Slave or Ghulam Dynasty), an influential military class of slave soldiers between 1206 and 1290...

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Northern Song Dynasty Map
A map indicating the territory of the Northern Song Dynasty of China, 960-1125 CE.

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Map of the Ming Dynasty Territory
A map indicating the territory controlled by the Ming Dynasty (1368 to 1644 CE) in the late 16th century CE.