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Henry Hudson Portrait
A speculative portrait of Henry Hudson (c. 1565 -1611 CE) that was made around 1885. Hudson was an English sea navigator who explored areas of present-day Canada and parts of the modern New York metropolitan area. He was working for the Dutch...

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Catherine of Aragon & Henry VIII
A 19th century CE painting by Henry Nelson O'Neil showing the court of 1529 CE which convened to annul the marriage of Catherine of Aragon (1485-1536 CE) and Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547 CE). The marriage would not be annulled until...

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Coin of Henry II of England
A piedfort silver coin of Henry II of England or Henry III of England, minted in London, c. 1152-1252.
The British Museum, London.

Definition
Alexander III of Scotland
Alexander III of Scotland reigned from 1249 to 1286 CE. Succeeding his father Alexander II of Scotland (r. 1214-1249 CE) at the age of eight, the young king's early reign was blighted by rivalries between his nobles, a situation made more...

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Death of Admiral Coligny
The assassination attempt on Gaspard II de Coligny, Admiral of France (l. 1519-1572) on 22 August 1572 was the spark igniting the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre beginning on 24 August and continuing in Paris for the next five days and elsewhere...

Definition
British Crown Jewels
The Crown Jewels of the monarchy of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland are today kept in the Tower of London and date mostly to the 17th century, with a few later sparkling additions such as the Koh-i-Noor and Cullinan...

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Polynesian Navigation & Settlement of the Pacific
Polynesian navigation of the Pacific Ocean and its settlement began thousands of years ago. The inhabitants of the Pacific islands had been voyaging across vast expanses of ocean water sailing in double canoes or outriggers using nothing...

Definition
Elizabeth I of England
Elizabeth I reigned as queen of England from 1558 to 1603. Her 44-year reign was so long and packed with momentous events that the second half of the 16th century is now known as the Elizabethan era and still regarded as a 'Golden Age' for...

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Henry Every
Henry Every (b. 1653), also known as Henry Avery, was an English pirate who captured a fantastic treasure ship belonging to the Mogul of India in 1695 and then disappeared. No contemporary portrait survives and this artist's impression captures...

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Richard III & Henry VII, Stained Glass Window
A stained glass window showing the two rivals for the throne of England at the end of the Wars of the Roses (1455-1487 CE). In 1485 CE at the Battle of Bosworth, Richard III of England (r. 1483-85 CE) was defeated and killed while the victor...