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Heraclitus of Ephesus
Heraclitus of Ephesus (l. c. 500 BCE) was one of the early Pre-Socratic philosophers who, like the others, sought to identify the First Cause for the creation of the world. He rejected earlier theories such as air and water and claimed that...

Article
Heraclitus: Life Is Flux
Heraclitus of Ephesus (l. c. 500 BCE) famously claimed that “life is flux” and, although he seems to have thought this observation would be clear to all, people have continued to resist change from his time to the present day. Heraclitus...

Article
Heraclitus' Fragments
Heraclitus of Ephesos (l. c. 500 BCE) was an early Pre-Socratic philospher who claimed that the First Cause of existence was fire and that life itself was characterized by strife and change. Heraclitus did not see this condition as a bad...

Image
Heraclitus and Democritus
Heraclitus and Democritus, Fresco transferred to canvas, by Donato Bramante, c. 1486.
Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan.

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Heraclitus of Ephesos
Heraclitus of Ephesos, painting from the 17th century by Johannes Moreelse.

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Heraclitus of Ephesus
A line engraving of the 5th century BCE Greek philosopher Heraclitus of Ephesus. (From the Wellcome Library of Portraits)

Video
Introduction to Heraclitus
In this lecture we will learn about the life of Heraclitus, and his three main intertwined ideas: 1) everything is in flux, 2) the world is an ever living fire, and 3) war is the father of all. For more lectures visit www.academyofideas.com...

Definition
Pre-Socratic Philosophers
The Pre-Socratic Philosophers are defined as the Greek thinkers who developed independent and original schools of thought from the time of Thales of Miletus (l. c. 585 BCE) to that of Socrates of Athens (470/469-399 BCE). They are known as...

Definition
Empedocles
Empedocles (l. c. 484-424 BCE) was a Greek philosopher and mystic whose work harmonized the philosophies of Parmenides (l. c. 485 BCE), Heraclitus (l. c. 500 BCE), and Pythagoras (l. c. 571 to c. 497 BCE) in presenting a unified vision of...

Definition
Anaximenes
Anaximenes of Miletus (l. c. 546 BCE) was a younger contemporary of Anaximander and generally regarded as his student. Known as the Third Philosopher of the Milesian School after Thales (l. c. 585 BCE) and Anaximander (l. c. 610 - c. 546...