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George Berkeley
Definition by Mark Cartwright

George Berkeley

George Berkeley (1685-1753) was an Anglo-Irish bishop and an empiricist and idealist philosopher. He infamously claimed that no matter exists outside of God and that things only exist outside of our minds and perceptions because God perceives...
The Vedas
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

The Vedas

The Vedas are the religious texts which inform the religion of Hinduism (also known as Sanatan Dharma meaning “Eternal Order” or “Eternal Path”). The term veda means “knowledge” in that they are thought to contain the fundamental knowledge...
Popol Vuh
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Popol Vuh

The Popol Vuh is the story of creation according to the Quiche Maya of the region known today as Guatemala. Translated as `The Council Book', The Book of the People' or, literally, `The Book of the Mat', the work has been referred to as "The...
Natural Rights & the Enlightenment
Article by Mark Cartwright

Natural Rights & the Enlightenment

The idea of natural rights is the concept used in philosophy and legal studies that a person has certain rights from birth and which, because they were not awarded by a particular state or legal authority, cannot be removed, that is, they...
Kon-Tiki Expedition
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Kon-Tiki Expedition

The Kon-Tiki expedition of 1947, led by the Norwegian Thor Heyerdahl (1914-2002), successfully crossed 8,000 km (5,000 miles) of the Pacific Ocean from Peru to the Tuamotu Islands on a balsa-wood raft. The aim of the expedition was to demonstrate...
Denisova Cave
Image by Демин Алексей Барнаул

Denisova Cave

Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains in Siberia, Russia. It is well known for human occupation stretching back as far as 280,000 years ago and shows signs of occupation by Neanderthals, Homo sapiens and Denisovans. All currently known Denisovan...
Native Peoples of North America
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Native Peoples of North America

The Native Peoples of North America (also known as American Indians, Native Americans, Indigenous Americans, and First Americans) are the original inhabitants of North America believed to have migrated into the region between 40,000-14,000...
Spread and Evolution of Denisovans
Image by John D. Croft

Spread and Evolution of Denisovans

Map showing a possible scenario of the spread and evolution of Denisovans. On the right, it shows that Homo sapiens shares a common ancestor with the Neanderthals and Denisovans, who are sister species. There is evidence of interbreeding...
Europe During the Last Glacial Maximum
Image by Merikanto

Europe During the Last Glacial Maximum

Europe during the most recent glacial, in which the ice sheets reached peak growth between c. 26.500 to c. 19,000 years ago. This is known as the Last Glacial Maximum. Sea levels were lower than today.
Aurignacian Sites
Image by Hughcharlesparker

Aurignacian Sites

Map showing sites and presence associated with the Aurignacian culture, usually attributed to the first modern humans who arrived in Europe around 45,000 years ago.
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