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Map of the Sasanian Empire at Its Height, c. 620
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Map of the Sasanian Empire at Its Height, c. 620 - Khosrow II and the Byzantine–Sasanian War, 602–628

The Sasanian Empire (224–651), also known as Sassanian Persia, was the last pre-Islamic Persian empire and one of the great powers of Late Antiquity. Founded...
Map of the Kingdom of the Vandals (435–534 CE)
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Map of the Kingdom of the Vandals (435–534 CE)

The Kingdom of the Vandals and Alans (435–534 CE) emerged as one of the most significant post-Roman states in the western Mediterranean. Founded after the Vandals, a Germanic people originally from Central...
Upanishads
Definition

Upanishads

The Upanishads are the philosophical-religious texts of Hinduism (also known as Sanatan Dharma meaning “Eternal Order” or “Eternal Path”) which develop and explain the fundamental tenets of the religion. The name is translated as...
LGBTQ in Early Christianity
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LGBTQ in Early Christianity

In modern debates concerning homosexuality, same-sex marriages, and gender identification, it is popular to turn to the Bible for passages to validate a position. Modern culture attributes many elements in understanding...
Kon-Tiki Expedition
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Kon-Tiki Expedition - Thor Heyerdahl's Epic Crossing of the Pacific in a Raft

The Kon-Tiki expedition of 1947, led by the Norwegian Thor Heyerdahl (1914-2002), successfully crossed 8,000 km (5,000 miles) of the Pacific Ocean from Peru to the Tuamotu Islands...
Thomas Hobbes
Definition

Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was an English philosopher who famously summarised his pessimistic view of human nature in his greatest work, Leviathan, published in 1651. Hobbes believed that the life of humanity in the state of nature...
Andreas Vesalius
Definition

Andreas Vesalius

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) was the most celebrated anatomist in Europe during the 16th century and a key figure of the Scientific Revolution. Vesalius' great work was his On the Fabric of the Human Body, which contains over...
Germ Theory
Definition

Germ Theory

The germ theory, which emerged in the late 19th century, demonstrated that microscopic germs caused most human infectious diseases. The germs involved included bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and prions. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895...
Declaration of Independence
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Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence is the foundational document of the United States of America. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, it explains why the Thirteen Colonies decided to separate from Great Britain during...
Kingdom of Luba
Definition

Kingdom of Luba

The Kingdom of Luba, located in central Africa, thrived from the 15th to 19th century CE and was the first such state in the Congo basin. Skills in ironworking and trade along the Lualaba river in such metals as copper permitted...
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