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The Iberian Peninsula, c. 1000 CE
A map of the Iberian peninsula c. 1000 CE showing the divide between the Muslim Caliphate of Cordoba in the south and the Christian kingdoms in the north.

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The Taifa Kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula, 1031-1086
This map shows the fractured landscape of al-Andalus following the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031. Dozens of independent Muslim-ruled states, called taifas (from the Arabic for "party" or "faction"), rose from the ruins—engaged...

Interview
Interview: Numantia - Recreating the Ancient Iberian World
RECOTechnology is a small game-developer studio based in Madrid, Spain. Their latest video game - Numantia - allows players to explore the conflicts between the ancient Iberians and ancient Romans. James Blake Wiener of Ancient History Encyclopedia...

Article
The Iberian Conquest of the Americas
European explorers began to probe the Western Hemisphere in the early 1500s, and they found to their utter amazement not only a huge landmass but also a world filled with several diverse and populous indigenous cultures. Among their most...

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Nemuro Peninsula Chashi
The Nemuro Peninsula Chashi Sites are a series of hilltop fortifications built by the Ainu. The earthen palisades were built between the 16th and 18th Century, and are associated with the 1789 Menashi–Kunashir rebellion. Hokkaidō, Japan.

Definition
Reconquista
The Reconquista (Reconquest) or Iberian Crusades were military campaigns largely conducted between the 11th and 13th century CE to liberate southern Portuguese and Spanish territories, then known as al-Andalus, from the Muslim Moors who had...

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View from the Dingle Peninsula, County Kerry, Ireland
View from a stretch of the Dingle Peninsula, County Kerry, Ireland.

Definition
Italy
The Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula is one of the three peninsulas of Southern Europe (the other two being the Iberian Peninsula and Balkan Peninsula), spanning 1,000 km from the Po Valley in the north to the central Mediterranean...

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Map of the Iberian Penninsula in 125 AD
A map showing Iberian peninsula in 125 AD including important roads, locations of legions and gold (Au) and silver (Ag) mines.

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The Korean Peninsula and the Japanese Archipelago, 3rd-6th century CE
Map of Pen/Insular states and potential centres in the 3rd–6th centuries CE.