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Inca Military Tunic
The standard military tunic of the Inca civilization, c. 1400 and 1533 CE. In Inca art black represented death and red represented blood and conquest. (Los Angeles County Museum of Art, L.A.)

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Inca Gold Sun Mask
A gold-sheet mask representing the sun god Inti from the La Tolita part of the Inca empire. The design is typical of masks of Inti with zig-zag rays bursting from the head and ending in human faces or figures. (National Museum, Quito, Ecuador...

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Inca Road System
A map of the Inca road system which included some 40,000 km of routes.

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Inca Gold Female Figurine
A gold female figurine from the Inca civilization, 15-16th century CE, Peru. Height 15 cm. Such precious figures were typically buried with important people. (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)

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Inca Tunic
An Inca royal tunic with the typical geometrical designs and colours favoured by Inca weavers. (Dumbarton Oaks Research Library & Collections, Washington D.C.)

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Inca 12 Angle Stone
The famous stone from an Inca wall in Cuzco, Peru. The stone has 12 angles and illustrates the great precision Inca masons employed in ensuring their stone blocks fitted so well together that no mortar was needed. (15th century CE).

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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire, at its height (c. 117), was the most extensive political and social structure in western civilization. Building upon the foundation laid by the Roman Republic, the empire became the largest and most powerful political and...

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Western Roman Empire
The Western Roman Empire is the modern-day term for the western half of the Roman Empire after it was divided in two by the emperor Diocletian (r. 284-305 CE) in c. 285/286 CE. The Romans themselves did not use this term. At its height (c...

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Inca Silver Alpaca
A silver alpaca from the Inca civilization of Peru, c. 1400 and 1533 CE. (American Museum of Natural history, New York)

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Inca Bird-handled Dish
An Inca ceramic dish with a handle in the form of a bird. Peru, 1476-1534 CE. (St. Louis Art Museum, Missouri)