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Caste System in Ancient India
Article by Nikul Joshi

Caste System in Ancient India - Varna Ideals in Vedic Times

Ancient India in the Vedic Period (c. 1500-1000 BCE) did not have social stratification based on socio-economic indicators; rather, citizens were classified according to their Varna or castes. 'Varna' can literally mean 'colour' but in ancient...
Wounded Knee Massacre
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Wounded Knee Massacre

The Wounded Knee Massacre of 29 December 1890 was the slaughter of over 250 Native Americans, mostly of the Miniconjou people of the Lakota Sioux nation, by the US military at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota. Although the US government defined...
Shishunaga Dynasty
Definition by Saurav Ranjan Datta

Shishunaga Dynasty

The Shishunaga Dynasty (also Sishunaga/Shaishunaga Dynasty) ruled the Magadha Kingdom in ancient India from c. 413 BCE to c. 345 BCE (in some sources from 421 BCE). It is said to be the third imperial dynasty of Magadha after the Brihadratha...
General Johnson Saving a Wounded French Officer From the Tomahawk of a North American Indian
Image by Benjamin West

General Johnson Saving a Wounded French Officer From the Tomahawk of a North American Indian

Sir William Johnson saves the life of French General Baron Dieskau after the Battle of Lake George, 1755, oil on canvas painting by Benjamin West, between 1764 and 1768. Derby Museum and Art Gallery.
3rd Century CE Indian Coin with Date
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

3rd Century CE Indian Coin with Date

In the ancient world, some coins had dates on them. giving us precise information as to when people ruled. These coins are inscribed with dates, so they give fixed points in the chronology of ancient states, to which other evidence can be...
Global Trade in the 13th Century
Article by James Hancock

Global Trade in the 13th Century

In the 13th century, astonishing quantities of spices and silk passed from the Far East to Europe. Exact amounts are not known, but spice popularity in both cuisine and medicine reached its historical peak during the Middle Ages in Europe...
White Huns (Hephthalites)
Definition by Muhammad Bin Naveed

White Huns (Hephthalites)

The White Huns were a race of largely nomadic peoples who were a part of the Hunnic tribes of Central Asia. They ruled over an expansive area stretching from the Central Asian lands all the way to the Western Indian Subcontinent. Although...
Romani
Definition by Arienne King

Romani

Romani is an umbrella term used to describe a diverse ethnolinguistic group of people with a historical presence in Europe and West Asia. The historically common term 'Gypsy' is based on the myth that they came from Egypt. In reality, the...
Ajatashatru
Definition by Saurav Ranjan Datta

Ajatashatru

Ajatashatru (c. 493/492 BCE - c. 462/460 BCE) was the second important king of the Haryanka Dynasty, who came to the throne of Magadha by deposing and executing his own father Bimbisara. The Haryanka Dynasty (c. 545/544 BCE - c. 413 BCE...
Battle of Hydaspes
Article by Donald L. Wasson

Battle of Hydaspes

For almost a decade, Alexander the Great and his army swept across Western Asia and into Egypt, defeating King Darius III and the Persians at the battles of River Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela. Next, despite the objections of the loyal army...
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