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Islamic Caliphates
Definition by Syed Muhammad Khan

Islamic Caliphates

Caliphate (“Khilafat” in Arabic) was a semi-religious political system of governance in Islam, in which the territories of the Islamic empire in the Middle East and North Africa and the people within were ruled by a supreme leader called...
Detail of Warka Vase [Top Register]
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Detail of Warka Vase [Top Register]

The votive or sacred Warka Vase is decorated with three horizontal registers and shows signs of repair in antiquity. The top register depicts a complete scene. Here, a male figure holds what appears to be a belly belt of priest or chieftain...
Warka Vase [Bottom Register]
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Warka Vase [Bottom Register]

The votive or sacred Warka Vase is decorated with three horizontal registers and shows signs of repair in antiquity. The bottom register of the Warka Vase is composed of two horizontal parts. The lower portion depicts naturalistic components...
Offering Scene, Warka Vase [Top  Register]
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Offering Scene, Warka Vase [Top Register]

The votive or sacred Warka Vase is decorated with three horizontal registers and shows signs of repair in antiquity. The top register depicts a complete scene. Here, a collection of votive offerings (animals, fruits, and grains) are being...
Warka Vase [Middle Register]
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Warka Vase [Middle Register]

The votive or sacred Warka Vase is decorated with three horizontal registers and shows signs of repair in antiquity. The middle register depicts a procession of naked male figures carrying bowls and jars of sacrificial elements, such as fruit...
Early Muslim Conquests (622-656 CE)
Article by Syed Muhammad Khan

Early Muslim Conquests (622-656 CE)

Islam arose as a religious and socio-political force in Arabia in the 7th century CE (610 CE onwards). The Islamic Prophet Muhammad (l. 570-632 CE), despite facing resistance and persecution, amassed a huge following and started building...
A Gift from King Shulgi: A Pair of Gold Earrings
Article by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

A Gift from King Shulgi: A Pair of Gold Earrings

Gold is a treasure, and he who possesses it does all he wishes to in this world, and succeeds in helping souls into paradise. Christopher Columbus. On June 22, 2005, the Sulaymaniyah Museum of Iraqi Kurdistan purchased a pair of gold...
First Fitna
Definition by Syed Muhammad Khan

First Fitna

The First Fitna (656-661 CE) was the first civil war of the Islamic Empire fought between the fourth Rashidun Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib (656-661 CE), and the governor of Syria, Muawiya (later Muawiya I; r. 661-680 CE). Deep fissures divided...
The Looting of the Iraq Museum, Baghdad: The Lost Legacy of Ancient Mesopotamia
Book Review by Joshua J. Mark

The Looting of the Iraq Museum, Baghdad: The Lost Legacy of Ancient Mesopotamia

In April of 2003, the Iraq Museum in Baghdad was looted of over fifteen thousand priceless artifacts. In only two days, from the 10th to the 12th of April, historical artifacts from ancient Sumerian cities like Uruk, Ur, and Eridu, as well...
Lugalbanda: The Boy Who Got Caught Up in a War: An Epic Tale From Ancient Iraq (Aesop Prize (Awards))
Book Review by Joshua J. Mark

Lugalbanda: The Boy Who Got Caught Up in a War: An Epic Tale From Ancient Iraq (Aesop Prize (Awards))

Lugalbanda: The Boy Who Got Caught Up In A War is a fine re-telling of the ancient tale by Kathy Henderson with beautiful illustrations by Jane Ray. The fly leaf of the book states, "Older than the Bible, the Torah, and the Koran, the tale...
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