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Early Muslim Conquests (622-656 CE)
Article by Syed Muhammad Khan

Early Muslim Conquests (622-656 CE)

Islam arose as a religious and socio-political force in Arabia in the 7th century CE (610 CE onwards). The Islamic Prophet Muhammad (l. 570-632 CE), despite facing resistance and persecution, amassed a huge following and started building...
A Gift from King Shulgi: A Pair of Gold Earrings
Article by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

A Gift from King Shulgi: A Pair of Gold Earrings

Gold is a treasure, and he who possesses it does all he wishes to in this world, and succeeds in helping souls into paradise. Christopher Columbus. On June 22, 2005, the Sulaymaniyah Museum of Iraqi Kurdistan purchased a pair of gold...
Ivory Horse Frontlets from Nimrud
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Ivory Horse Frontlets from Nimrud

These three frontlets were found inside Well AJ at the North-West Palace at Nimrud (in modern-day Nineveh Governorate, Iraq). They are part of the so-called "Classical Phoenician" hinged frontlets of Group 2. The middle frontlet depicts...
Statue of a Minor Deity & Tributary Scenes Khorsabad
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Statue of a Minor Deity & Tributary Scenes Khorsabad

On the right, a statue of a minor deity (probably Ea) stands and holds a vessel in his hands, from which water flows. It is one of a pair of statues which were found outside the entrance (in front of trees) to the Temple of Sin at Khorsabad...
Islamic Caliphates
Definition by Syed Muhammad Khan

Islamic Caliphates

Caliphate (“Khilafat” in Arabic) was a semi-religious political system of governance in Islam, in which the territories of the Islamic empire in the Middle East and North Africa and the people within were ruled by a supreme leader called...
First Fitna
Definition by Syed Muhammad Khan

First Fitna

The First Fitna (656-661 CE) was the first civil war of the Islamic Empire fought between the fourth Rashidun Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib (656-661 CE), and the governor of Syria, Muawiya (later Muawiya I; r. 661-680 CE). Deep fissures divided...
The Mask of Warka
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

The Mask of Warka

The mask of Warka, the first almost complete and life-size depiction of the human face in history, with respect to its anatomical details. It is made of marble and is about 20 cm tall. The eyes may have been inlaid with shells and lapis lazuli...
Bust of a Priest from Uruk
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Bust of a Priest from Uruk

Grey alabaster statue of a male priest, found inside a pottery vessel in the ancient city of Uruk by a German archaeological team from the German Oriental Society in 1929-1930. Probably, it was buried after it got broken. Its height is about...
Detail of Statue of Abu Bint Deimon, Hatra
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Detail of Statue of Abu Bint Deimon, Hatra

Abu Bint Deimon was the wife of Sanatruq I (reigned c. 140 - 180 CE), king of Hatra. This is a detail of the upper part of the statue. It represents one of the finest sculptures from Hatra. She wears an elaborate headgear, earrings, necklaces...
Glazed Wall Panel from Fort Shalmaneser
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Glazed Wall Panel from Fort Shalmaneser

Detail of a large wall panel of vibrant glazed bricks once placed above the entrance to a vast room (T3) next to Shalmaneser III's throne room. The whole panel is composed of about 300 bricks and is 4 meters in length; this detail at the...
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