Ivan the Terrible: Did you mean...?

Ivan the Great Bell Tower in the Kremlin, Moscow, Russia. Built in 1508. Photo taken in 2004.

Ivan III, Grand Duke of Moscow (r. 1462-1505), picture from The Tsar's Titular, 1672. Scanned from Russian book RUSSIA: Complete Encyclopedic Illustrated Reference Book, OLMA-PRESS, 2002.

Illustration from the Russian folk tale The Frog Princess, by Ivan Bilibin, 1930.

The Ninth Wave, oil on canvas painting by Ivan Aivazovsky, 1850. Russian Museum in Saint Petersburg. The painting depicts the sea after a huge night storm and people injured in a shipwreck. The sun's rays illuminate the huge...

Portrait of Cossack Hetman Ivan Mazepa in armour with St. Andrew's ribbon, oil on canvas painting, 18th century. Art Museum, Dnipro.

The Empire of Nicaea was a successor state to the Byzantine Empire, or rather a Byzantine Empire in exile lasting from 1204 to 1261 CE. The Empire of Nicaea was founded in the aftermath of the sacking of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade...

Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, Ukraine is a monument of 11th-century architecture, painting, and mosaic work. The cathedral was named after Hagia Sophia and, as the main temple of the state, played the role of its spiritual, political and...

Kievan Rus (862-1242) was a medieval political federation located in modern-day Belarus, Ukraine, and part of Russia (the latter named for the Rus, a Scandinavian people). The name Kievan Rus is a modern-day (19th century) designation but...

The Great Northern War took place from 1700 to 1721 and was fought between Russia and Sweden during the reign of Peter I of Russia (Peter the Great). One of the key causes of the war was Peter the Great’s desire to have territory on the Baltic...

The Military Enlightenment of the 18th century was a concerted effort across Europe to engage with the science of war. Embracing rationalism and professionalism, especially in military education, statesmen, philosophers, and educators explored...